11 Circle Expressions

11 Circle Expressions 11 Circle Expressions 11 Circle Expressions By Maeve Maddox A circle is an entirely round plane figure. The way that a circle might be attracted from start to finish without a break makes it an incredible image. The word hover happens in numerous English figures of speech, frequently as an image of completeness or redundancy. 1. the hover of life: the pattern of proliferation and endurance, from birth to death. 2. hover of hellfire: a position of discipline in life following death, from The Inferno. Dante depicts nine circles or regions in which spirits are rebuffed by the idea of their transgressions. 3. family circle: a dramatic term to portray the seating region farthest from the stage (otherwise known as â€Å"upper circle†). When all is said in done use, family hover alludes to a person’s nearest relatives. The word circle can allude to any private gathering of companions. The articulation â€Å"inner circle† alludes to a little powerful gathering of individuals who run things in legislative issues, business, or something like that. 4. endless loop: in rationale, an endless loop results when a bogus reason is trailed by a genuine reason. As a rule utilization, an endless loop alludes to a circumstance where no advancement or improvement can be made. Now and then the articulation â€Å"vicious cycle† is utilized. 5. to totally dominate: to outperform with little exertion. Comparable term: â€Å"to run rings round.† 6. to end up at ground zero: to finish a progression of occasions; to return to one’s beginning spot. 7. to go around and around: to rehash a similar activity without showing up at the ideal spot. 8. to square the hover: to endeavor the outlandish. Different articulations draw on the action word circle, â€Å"to put a hover around something† or â€Å"to move in a roundabout direction.† 9. to circle the channel: to be in transit out. The picture is that of the remainder of the water depleting from a bath. 10. to circle the subject: to abstain from saying anything explicit regarding a subject of conversation. 11. to circle the carts: to take a cautious position. The picture is that of relocating American pioneers organizing their carts around as a blockade against assaulting Indians. Note: The articulation â€Å"to circle the wagons† is seen every now and again in features and in articles about financial aspects. The market analysts appear to see the American economy â€Å"as a fortification, a hover of carts, asâ it were, that can be promptly characterized and defended† (Robert Reno, Newsday). Contemporary American Indians regularly discover this articulation hostile. Here are a few instances of these articulations accumulated from the Web: Raising Backyard Chickens to Teach Children the Circle of Life In the event that the way to distribution is involved all the circles of heck, the primary circle, I am letting you know, is the â€Å"not directly for me† or â€Å"didn’t interface with the voice† circle. Our earnest contemplations and petitions are with the Paisley family and the more extensive family circle. The conditions exist for an endless loop including casting a ballot and urban obligation, whereby nonvoters decline their confidence in the significance of casting a ballot and consequently become more averse to cast a ballot in future races. Beam Allen Running Circles Around Garnett, Pierce, Nets up until this point Fifteen years prior, Ana Patricia Botã ­n was pushed out of her senior employment at Banco Santanderâ â by the banks director, who likewise happened to be her dad. On Wednesday, Ms. Botã ­ns profession ended up at ground zero, with her being named chairmanâ after her dads unexpected passing. To be reasonable and to bring the story round trip, a considerable lot of Browns achievements had their starting points in Browns organizations during the 1970s and mid 80s.â Washington state goes around and around over automaton guidelines. Benefits and Social Care for the Elderly: Trying to Square the Circle Orbiting the Drain: Can the Euro Be Saved, Or Is It Doomed? There’s been a great deal of talk this year about web based learning at Concordia. Leading body of Governors and Senate gatherings continue orbiting the subject. US speculators circle the carts, trust Fed rides to safeguard Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Inquire versus EnquireThat versus WhichWords Often Misspelled Because of Double Letters

Statute and State Law Relationship Essay Example

Resolution and State Law Relationship Essay Example Resolution and State Law Relationship Essay Resolution and State Law Relationship Essay For this situation the business terminated a lady distribution center representative who was a substantial hardware administrator. She had been censured in the past for disciplinary issues and had even been suspended. After she had a physical battle with a representative she was ended. After end she recorded a suit under Title VII asserting that she was explicitly oppressed and was explicitly hassled. The preliminary court didn't permit the inappropriate behavior case to continue yet the sexual segregation guarantee was permitted to continue to preliminary. At the preliminary, she introduced incidental proof demonstrating that she was followed by her boss, restrained more seriously than guys, her disciplinary reports were stacked, she was victimized as for extra time assignments and administrators utilized sex-based slurs against her.This was a blended rationale case in which both poor employment execution and sex segregation reasons had prompted her dismissal.The guideline deciphere d for this situation was that before this judgment in separation cases affection hypothesis cases were permitted to continue without direct proof. In appearance hypothesis cases conditional proof was permitted, yet in blended rationale hypothesis direct proof was required. That is the worker needed to appear by direct proof that sexual segregation was the fundamental rousing variable in her dismissal.However, in the Desert Palace case the U.S. Incomparable Court collectively held that a worker asserting a blended intention hypothesis of segregation under Title VII doesn't have to give direct proof of separation (Smith S. 2003). At the end of the day incidental proof was admissible.This case has affected the business condition since now regardless of whether a lady isn't performing sufficient at work, bosses are encouraged to cease from explicitly oppressing her.Reference:Smith S. (2003) The Death of Summary Judgment. Recovered on October 25, 2006 From: http://hennepin.timberlakepubl ishing.com/article.asp?article=764paper=1cat=147

Lets Celebrate Science Fiction Day

Lets Celebrate Science Fiction Day Why Do We Celebrate Science Fiction Day? Home›Tips for Students›Why Do We Celebrate Science Fiction Day? Tips for StudentsScience Fiction Day is a very unique eventThis Day has been marked on every fan’s calendar for the last few years. Even though it is not recognized by any government, it is a day that a true science fiction fan can’t miss. Some people even dress up and try to look like their favorite superheroes. Believe it or not, Science Fiction Day is celebrated not only in the United States, but also around the world.How has it all started? What are the roots of this non-official holiday?These questions are going to be answered further:  The History of Science Fiction DayThe date we celebrate Science Fiction Day is the 2nd of January, the birth date of Isaac Asimov, a famous science fiction writer. Asimov has written more than 500 books among which are the “Foundation Trilogy” and “Nightfall.” Originally being a biochemist, Isaac Asimov became a master of scie nce fiction successfully combining history, mathematical statistics and sociology in his books.The Peculiarities of Celebrating Science Fiction DayIn order to show appreciation to Science Fiction Day, fans tend to read science fiction books or have a movie marathon. Not only is Asimov valued, but also Kurt Vonnegut, Philip K. Dick, Stanley Kubrick, Garth Jennings, and Ridley Scott. No matter what book or film you choose, it will be a great way to pay homage to this day.Science Fiction Day is the time to appreciate every science fiction author for creating unforgettable characters and helping us to be a part of their worlds. Be sure to pay special attention to your favorite author on this day.

Theme 1 Legislation. The Irish Constitution Enshrines

Theme 1: Legislation The Irish Constitution enshrines a guarantee of equality before the law. Article 40.1 states that ‘all citizens shall, as human persons, be held equal before the law’. Under the Constitution, every child has a protected right to education regardless of their needs or ability. The right to education goes beyond academic achievement to the development of the child’s personality, talents and abilities to their fullest potential and providing them with the tools to live a full and responsible life within society. The State must ensure that children with disabilities have equal opportunities to participate fully in education through the removal of barriers that impede the realisation of their rights. International†¦show more content†¦However, the landmark report by the Special Education Review Committee (SERC) (1993) recommended that a continuum of educational provision be established to facilitate the full-time placement of SEN students in mainstream schools with the allocation of additional support, favouring â€Å"as much integration as is appropriate and feasible with as little segregation as is necessary†. The White Paper on Education (1995) subsequently proposed that â€Å"all students regardless of their personal circumstances have the right of access and participation in the educational system according to their potential and ability.† The ideals of the Salamanca Statement have been enshrined in The Education Act 1998 which ensures the right of all children to an equal education. Section 6(c) of the Act, guarantees equality of access to, and participation in education for every child, including those with disabilities. Under Section 21, educational establishments are required to develop a school plan. The Board of Management must regularly review and update this plan setting out the measures that the school intends to take to achieve equality of access and participation in the school by students with disabilities. Boards of Management must publish the school policy on the education of students with SEN, including details on enrolment, admission and participation, arrangements for the identification of students with SEN, and how they can be provided for within the school system. TheyShow MoreRelatedA Basic Understanding Of Irish Law3020 Words   |  13 PagesTo address this question, a basic understanding of Irish law with all its complexities and contradictions is necessary. Irish law lays the foundations for all aspects of life within Irish society and just as society itself is constantly evolving, so too is Irish law as it is being constantly updated, reviewed and amended to keep up with the times and a modernising society. This essay will focus solely on the education sector and the respective underpinning principals which guide, direct and influenceRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages978-0-273-68774-0 ISBN-10: 0-273-68774-3 1. Organizational sociology. I. Duberley, Joanne. II. Johnson, Phil, 1955III. Title. HM786.M33 2007 302.3’5—dc22 2006022347 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 09 08 07 06 Typeset in 10/12.5 pt sabon by 72 Printed by Ashford Colour Press Ltd., Gosport The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests. . Brief Contents Preface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Introducing organization

How Is Napoleon s Tyranny The Same As Jones - 1107 Words

Animal Farm Essay Outline Topic Question How is Napoleon’s tyranny the same as Jones’? Introduction The antagonist of the book ‘Animal Farm’, Napoleon was highly emphasized for his cruel tactics that he upheld against his fellow animals. He tortured and tormented them giving himself the title of a cruel leader. This sense of tyranny is why he resembles Mr.Jones the previous owner of Manor Farm. Similar to Mr.Jones, Napoleon has created a caste system in which he is the â€Å"farmer† and the rest of the animals are his â€Å"slaves†, he has shown that he only uses the animals for his own monetary gain, and that he uses fear and propaganda to control the rest of the animals. In this essay I will compare and contrast the two individuals. Paragraph 1: Topic Sentence Napoleon upheld a sense of hierarchy in terms of the farm animals and their social rank. The pigs for example were ranked higher than the other animals with this informal segregation, Napoleon devised his own personal caste system. Sub point: This hierarchy is visible when the pigs change the seventh commandment to all the animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others. Proof/Quote: â€Å"All the animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others. After that it did not seem strange when next day the pigs who were supervising the farm all carried whips in their trotters. (Orwell 90) Analysis: As exhibited in this quote Napoleon and the pigs have changed the last commandment to benefit them. They can nowShow MoreRelated Symbolism and Interpretation in Animal Farm Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesfictional characters, events, and items from the film ANIMAL FARM, and the real-life counterparts they appear to represent. Consider how each character could also be interpreted to have a larger, broader meaning. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEditorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director o f Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck TextRead MorePropaganda by Edward L Bernays34079 Words   |  137 Pagesmillion—who understand the mental processes and social patterns of the masses. It is they who pull the wires which control the public mind, who harness old social forces and contrive new ways to bind and guide the world. It is not usually realized how necessary these invisible governors are to the orderly functioning of our group life. In theory, every citizen may vote for whom he pleases. Our Constitution does not envisage political parties as part of the mechanism of government, and its framers

Survivor Philippines †an Analysis Using Communication Theory Free Essays

â€Å"SURVIVOR: PHILIPPINES†: An Analysis of the CBS Program Using Three Theories of Communication Sally Annabella Communications 307 Dr. Debbie Way November 2012 No one has died. Some have been medevacked. We will write a custom essay sample on Survivor: Philippines – an Analysis Using Communication Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s a rough game. The CBS television series Survivor is one of the first ‘reality tv’ shows and is now in its 12th year. It features eighteen contestants striving to â€Å"Outwit, Outplay and Outlast† each other to win one million dollars by the end of the season. While it is important to be in good physical shape (the challenges are just that, physically challenging) it is imperative to have impeccable communication skills. In watching episodes of the current season, Survivor: Philippines, I have noticed: Communication Privacy Management Theory, Message Design Logics, Uncertainty Reduction Theory, Politeness Theory, and Social Exchange Theory. While this paper only requires three theories to be mentioned, I will show that all five are tied together. Each season Survivor is filmed over a period of 39 days on a different remote island. The contestants are divided into two or three tribes that start out competing against each other in challenges for a) rewards such as fishing supplies or an elegant feast and b) the coveted Immunity Idol, a token that means they will have the chance to play another three days. The tribe that does not win the idol will have to go to Tribal Council (an event that happens generally every three days) and risk being voted out of the game, hence no chance of winning the million dollar prize. About half-way through the season, the tribes merge into one, each player now plays for himself, and the remaining challenges are centered around winning Individual Immunity. All of the remaining players now go to Tribal Council and vote out one player. These ousted players now form the Jury, and they will be the ones to ultimately vote at the end of the game (when there are three remaining players) on who will take home the million dollars. Communication Privacy Management Theory, as stated by Dainton and Zelley on page 68, has four main principles. The one most applicable in Survivor involves boundaries. A boundary linkage is formed when two or more parties share information (Dainton and Zelley p. 71) with each owner of the information being responsible for its privacy. Inevitably, when one player finds a hidden Immunity Idol, they cannot seem to keep the information to themselves. They feel they must entrust someone else with this extremely private information and this almost certainly is their undoing. Dainton and Zelley show on page 72 that Petronio in 2002 states that boundary turbulence occurs when the rules for privacy management are not clear. This statement implies that boundary turbulence is unintentional. In watching Survivor, I found that boundary turbulence could also be intentional. In one instance, Player A told Player B she would not tell anyone that he (Player B) was in possession of a hidden immunity idol, yet she did tell someone else (Player C. ) Player C then confronted Player B, causing boundary turbulence with Player A. In another instance (and a different set of players), Players A and B together found a clue to a hidden immunity idol. They promised each other not to tell anyone else. Player A then told Player C. Player C seized an opportunity to plant the clue in Player B’s possessions, making it appear to Player A that Player B had betrayed her, thus creating boundary turbulence. In Message Design Logics Theory, there are three types of communication, expressive (p. 35), conventional and rhetorical (p. 36). Expressive is a sender-focused pattern of communication, concerned primarily with self-expression. Some players do not seem to have a ? lter and allow their thoughts to spew out, whether it be bene? cial to them or not. Conventional operates by rules. In one episode, others in the group let one player know that he was overstepping the line of acceptable behavior when he was snuggling with another particular contestant. They pointed out to him that it appeared to the rest of the group that he was in a strong alliance with her. He subsequently stopped sleeping next to her to show the group his allegiance was not tied to her. The more successful players of Survivor communicate in the rhetorical fashion. These individuals â€Å"view communication as a powerful tool used to create situations and negotiate multiple goals (p. 6). † They pay close attention to what others are communicating in order to be better able to understand their point of view, and therefore what they might be thinking beyond what they are saying. Those who use this type of communication are seeking a balance between their goals and keeping harmony with the receiver(s), even to the point of protecting another? s feelings (such as by not embarrassing them. ) T hey want to maintain a good working relationship with the other person in the future. Survivor contestants experience on a daily basis Uncertainty Reduction Theory. Dainton and Zelley point out on page 43 that, according to Berger and Calabrese (1975), humans regularly experience uncertainty, we do not like the feeling, and we use communication to reduce our uncertainties. In the game of Survivor, the players are in a constant state of uncertainty. They know that, by design of the game, they and their co-competitors all have the same goal. And only one of them is going to reach it. They go into the game knowing they are going to form friendships and they are going to have to lie and accept being lied to. One player stated that nobody wants to betray anybody else and nobody wants to feel betrayed. Politeness Theory also comes into play. Dainton and Zelley show on page 60 that if someone has more power or prestige than you, you will be more polite to them. This theory also states that if what you have to say may hurt the receiver of the information, you will be more polite. Survivor is all about who has the power. The players all want to be the one with the power, whether they want to let the other players know or not. To tie it to Message Design Logics, if they are a rhetorical communicator, they will be more polite to the one perceived as having the power. The expressive communicator, however, will not be so aware of the need to be polite. Another theory that needs to be mentioned is Social Exchange Theory. Dainton and Zelley on page 61 show that Thibaut and Kelley in 1959 maintained that humans, by nature, are sel? sh. We determine the relationships we keep or let go by weighing the bene? ts versus the costs of these relationships. In Survivor, the players are continually assessing their relationships with each ther, strategizing which relationships will thrive and which will be detrimental to their ultimate goal of making it all 39 days and to the million dollar prize. The CBS television show Survivor is a wealth of examples of communication theories in action. A contestant cannot possibly make it to the end and win the prize of one million dollars without being an exceptional communicator. Thi s means not only being able to convey one’s own information (expressive Message Design Logics), but also being able to assess how his/her information is being interpreted (rhetorical Message Design Logics. They also need to be able to read the others that are communicating to them, and determine whether the information being portrayed is truthful or not. While contestants have had to be medevacked for physical issues, they have yet to be involuntarily removed from the game for lack of communication skills. References Dainton, M. , Zelley, E. D. (2011). Applying communication theory for professional life: A practical introduction (2nd ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Website: CBS Survivor. http://www. cbs. com/shows/survivor/ How to cite Survivor: Philippines – an Analysis Using Communication Theory, Essay examples

Impact of Petroleum and gas Industry

Question: Write an essay on Legal Aspects of Oil and Gas Industry? Answer: Introduction Oil and gas is one of the most essential resources of our society. Over the years, several emerging countries have emphasised towards the discovery of natural resource with the aim of ensuring the economic growth of the nation. In this regard, more specifically it can be stated that through emphasising towards the natural resources, several global petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations have generated energy. As an effect, economic development has been witnessed and wealth has been maximized for the global nations in terms of foreign earnings. On the other hand, growth of petroleum and gas industry has also ensured sustained economic development for a nation (Marful-Sau, 2009). According to the report of Lukoil (2013), it is revealed that petroleum and gas has been one of the most growing industries among the global market place. In this regard, more specifically it can be argued that over the years the petroleum and gas production has been increased at a rate of 1.2% annually (Lukoil, 2013). On the other hand, based on the report of Ernst Young (2014), it is identified that the consumption of petroleum and gas has been increasing approximately around 50% in every year. Thus, with the aim of ensuring the future prosperity, several governments have incorporated economic policies and legal aspects i.e. petroleum and gas industry (Ernst Young, 2014). In this assignment, the aim is to discover and analyse the commercial, technical and legal aspects of the petroleum and gas industry. Moreover, the study will also highlight the key aspects of the governments through which sustainability development can be ensured for the petroleum and gas industry. Additionally, the study will also try to examine as well as evaluate the key features of the legal aspects by which governments usually negotiate challenges during the international trade operation of oil and gas industry. Furthermore, this particular assignment will emphasise towards the factors by which international petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations can ensure their long term sustainability development. Impact of Petroleum and gas Industry over the Modern Era In order to highlight the impact of the petroleum and gas industry it is identified that the government of United Kingdom (UK) has extremely emphasised towards the environment planning related principles for ensuring the future growth of petroleum and gas industry. At the same time, through emphasising towards environment planning related principles governments of UK has also tried to ensure the balance of natural resource and ecology related aspects of the society. In this regard, based on the report of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Industry and Environment (2015), it is identified that the government of UK as well as United States (US) have contributed their exclusive attention towards the execution of environment related programs with an objective of ensuring the growth of petroleum and gas industry within the globe. At the same time, through emphasising towards the legal framework, the governments of UK and US have also tried to ensure its statutory control over the global oil and gas industry (United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Industry and Environment, 2015). In this context, based on the report of Management of Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (2008), it is notified that through the assistance of constant supervising and monitoring, governments can execute the growth of petroleum and gas industry. At the same time, through incorporating qualitative measures outcome of the petroleum and gas industry can be developed significantly (Management of Ghana National Petroleum Corporation, 2008). Discussion In order to discuss the technical, commercial and legal aspects of the petroleum and gas industry; it can be claimed that petroleum and gas is one of the key aspects of modern society. In this context, it can be also argued that through ensuring the growth of petroleum and gas industry, global petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations can enhance the supply of energy towards the power industry. At the same time, it may also ensure the supply of fuel for transportation purpose. Moreover, through emphasising towards the technical, commercial and legal aspects of the petroleum and gas industry; it is also possible to ensure the resource of planning related aspects of minerals. Apart from this, through emphasising towards oil and gas industry; governments can ensure protection of water resources as well as emissions of pure air, which will lead positive impact towards the society in terms of health and safety related aspects. Additionally, it will also reduce the negative impact on t he society in terms of climate change related aspects (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2013). Based on the report of Swansea University (2015), it is identified that the government of UK has introduced a new legal constituent, which is named as Latin Legum Magister (LLM). In this regard, it can be argued that through emphasising towards the LLM, the government of UK has tried to ensure the protection of natural resource in a significant manner. Moreover, it can be stated that through emphasising towards the LLM related aspects, the government of UK has tried to establish conduct and ethics amid the petroleum and gas manufacturer during the practice of business operation. Simultaneously, through emphasising towards the LLM related aspects, the government of UK has tried to protect the waste of natural resource within the globe (Swansea University, 2015). In this context, the report of The University of Houston Law Center (2014), mentioned that through concentrating towards the LLM related aspects the government of UK has tried to ensure the protection of the intellectual prope rty rights. Additionally, it can be argued that through adopting LLM related aspects, the government of UK has tried to enrich the international trade and commerce operations within the petroleum and gas industry (The University of Houston Law Center, 2014). Based on the report of The University of Houston Law Center (2014), it is also identified that due to the presence of LLM features, modern petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations have witnessed greater profitability and success during the during international trade operations. At the same time, it is also revealed that the major stakeholders of the petroleum and gas industry have been benefitted in a significant manner due to the presence of LLM features. As an effect, it is revealed that during the business operations of petroleum and gas industry, the loyalty of the stakeholders such as federal governments, consumers, owners, investors and banks has been enhanced in a significant manner. The following discussion will highlight the legal aspects of the oil and gas industry within the globe (The University of Houston Law Center, 2014). Legal Aspects of Petroleum and Gas Industry In accordance with Soyer and Kurtz-Shefford (2014), it is notified that the government of UK as well as US has highly concentrated towards the contracts as well as liabilities of the petroleum and gas industry. In this regard, rationally it can be claimed that the governments of UK and US has tried to ensure the development of gas and petroleum projects within the globe by concentrating on its life cycle. Similarly, with an aim of ensuring the exploration and manufacturing of gas and petroleum, the governments of UK and US has emphasised towards the confidentiality agreements during the international trade operations. Additionally, through concentrating towards confidentiality agreements the governments of UK and US has also ensured the positive impact towards the society as well as environment in terms of natural resource and minerals. Moreover, existence of legal aspects i.e. oil and gas industry has assisted governments to negotiate with the threats and challenges within the indus try (Soyer and Kurtz-Shefford, 2014). Technical, Commercial and Legal Aspects of Petroleum and gas Industry According to the report of OPEC (2015), petroleum and gas industry is one of the most valuable industries within the globe. In this context, it can be stated that the petroleum and gas industry can influence the growth rate of a nation in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) and profitability. At the same time, the petroleum and gas industry may also create an impact on the economy and employment related aspects of a nation. Based on the report of OPEC (2015), it is also witnessed that the government of UK as well as US has highly concentrated towards the innovative and courageous approaches, which has enhanced the recognition of the petroleum and gas industry within the globe. On the other hand, through emphasising towards the technological aspects the government has enhanced the growth rate of the petroleum and gas industry in around the globe. Moreover, it can be also claimed that public and commercial legal aspects have also assisted global petroleum and gas manufacturing organi sations to enhance its operational efficiencies and reduce challenges during the international trade operations (OPEC, 2015). Moreover, it can be also claimed that the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has also provided their extensive attention for ensuring the development of petroleum and gas industry by reducing internal and external challenges during the international trade operations. On the other hand, it can be claimed that for enhancing the overall efficiency of the petroleum and gas industry, WTO has highly concentrated towards human rights and intellectual property rights related aspects, which may influence the overall performance of the international trade operations. At the same time, WTO has also introduced financing and licensing mechanism for ensuring the development of the petroleum and gas manufacturing related projects. In this context, Soyer and Kurtz-Shefford (2014) claimed that through ensuring intellectual property rights i.e. natural resources and by enhancing human rights, the governments of UK and US has enriched overall competencies of the oil and gas industry (Soyer and Kurtz-Sheffo rd, 2014). Practice of Law On the other hand, with the aim of ensuring the practice of law, the governments of UK and US has highly concentrated towards the commercial aspects of the petroleum and gas industry. At the same time, the governments have also provided their higher attention for ensuring the relationship between international traders, by establishing major contracts between worldwide nations. Apart from this, the governments of UK and US has also emphasised towards the negotiable bills of lading for establishing better trade relations within the globe. In this context, the governments have also engaged tankers and ships for enhancing business performance within the petroleum and gas industry. As an effect, it is identified that through the assistance of tankers and ships the governments of UK and US has reduced international trade barriers and also minimize trade and commerce related challenges i.e. petroleum and gas industry. In this regard, Williams (2014) argued that the governments of UK and US have concentrated towards the economic policy and international trade related laws for ensuring the overall growth of the oil and gas industry. As an effect, it is identified that the overall treat of the global warming has been reduced in manner. Simultaneously, carbon (CO2) emission and chances of substance dangerous gases such as sulphur and nitrogen compounds have been reduced in an effective manner, which has ensured the balance of socio-environment in terms ecological as well as atmosphere related aspects (Williams, 2014). Insurance Law In accordance with Soyer (2014), indemnity of ships and tankers is one of the key aspects i.e. international trades. In this context, more specifically it can be argued that through concentrating towards the insurance law, governments can ensure the recovery of losses during the disaster conditions such as tsunami, store and earthquake among others. Thus, it can be claimed that through emphasising towards the insurance laws it is possible to ensure the relevance of international business operations. At the same time, through adoption of insurance laws, the governments of UK and US have enhanced the efficiency of overseas business operations and it has also reduced international trade related challenges. Additionally, it can be argued that through emphasising towards the trade related laws, governments can enhance the future prosperity of oil and gas industry (Soyer, 2014). International Trade Law Based on the viewpoint of Tettenborn (2014), international trade law is one of the key aspects through which global petroleum and gas manufactures can enhance the overall business efficiency and outcome of the business operations within the industry. Moreover, Tettenborn (2014) claimed that through emphasising towards international trade laws, it is possible to maintain the structure and operations of the international trade. Simultaneously, by concentrating on the international trade laws it is possible to develop the capital improvement plan (CIP). At the same time, through establishing adequate international trade laws it is possible to maintain the cost, insurance and freight (CIF) contracts of the petroleum and gas manufacturer. Additionally, proper international trade laws always emphasise towards the free on board (FOB) i.e. of international trade operations of petroleum and gas manufacturer. Thus, it can be evidently stated that adequate international trade laws can assist oi l and gas manufacturers to minimize the international trade obligations i.e. buyers and sellers (Kerr, 2007). In this context, it can be stated that over the years, International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has provided their higher attention towards the international trade laws with the aim of enhancing the international trade relations amid global nations. Moreover, ICC had concentrated on adequate international trade laws, with an aim of minimizing the trade risk involvement. On the other hand, through emphasising towards the international trade laws, it is also possible to reduce the chances of breach of contract during petroleum and gas trade operations. Consequently, through concentrating on the international trade laws, it is possible to ensure the authenticity of the bill of lading, insurance of transit goods and genuineness of the trade transport documents, which may conforms the protection of law i.e. international trading (Tettenborn, 2014). International Litigation and Arbitration According to the view point of Leloudas and Wen (2014) international litigation and arbitration is one of the foremost challenges for the global petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations. In this context, it can be argued that that international litigation and arbitration can obstruct the overall business performance for an organisation. At the same time, it may also influence several challenges for a nation in terms of economic and financial aspects. In this regard, the governments of UK and US have highly emphasised towards the factors through which it is possible to resolve the challenges of the governments in terms of international litigation and arbitration (Leloudas and Wen, 2014). Thus, ICC had paid extensive attention towards the judicial and arbitration structures with an objective of reducing the international trade disputes during the trade and commercial operations. In this context, it can be evidently stated that through incorporating special international laws, the governments of UK and US have addressed international litigation and arbitration i.e. oil and gas industry (Likosky, 2005). Law and Practice in International Banking and Commercial Payments According to the viewpoint of Toth, (2006), during the practice of international trade operation within the petroleum and gas industry, it is highly essential for the organisations to incorporate international banking and commercial payments mechanism for ensuring effective outcome of the business process. In this context, it can be stated that through emphasising towards banking and commercial payments mechanism, it is possible to reduce discrepancy in terms of cash payments. At the same time, it may also reduce obligation of the buyers in terms of documentary credits and bills of exchange. Moreover, it may also ensure integrated international payments for the oil and gas industry (Toth, 2006). Analysis and Evaluation Based on the above discussion, it can be stated that technical, commercial and legal aspects is one of the most essential factors, through which global petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations can enhance their operational efficiency and also can ensure the authenticity and reliability of the business operations. Simultaneously, it is also revealed that the governments of UK and US have emphasised towards consultation and disclosure of the international trade related information with an objective of enhancing the quality of business operations (Likosky, 2006). Moreover, the governments have also emphasised towards the employment, utility and infrastructure related aspects with an aim of ensuring smooth execution of trade operations within the petroleum and gas industry. Additionally, the governments have paid more attention towards health and community related aspects for establishing positive relations with the stakeholders of the oil and gas manufacturer (Department for Commun ities and Local Government, 2013). Conclusion From the above discussion, it is revealed that most of the emerging countries governments have incorporated legal aspects along with technical and commercial aspects, with an aim of enhancing the operational efficiency of the petroleum and gas industry. At the same time, through concentrating on legal aspects, the governments of UK and US have enhancing the ability of negotiating challenges during the international trade operations. Thus, in order to conclude the topic, it can be evidently stated that adequate legal aspects may improve future prosperity oil and gas industry. References List Marful-Sau, S., 2009. Is Ghana Prepared to Manage The Potential Environmental Challenges of an Oil and Gas Industry?. 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