How to Promote Service Users Rights and Responsibilities

UNIT 1 OCR HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE LEVEL 3 TASK 1 How to promote service users rights and Responsibilities In care settings the term quality practice is used to describe the promotion of service users` rights, which are essentially the same rights that are afforded to everyone else, such as the right to marry and freedom of expression; Care workers must actively promote the rights of service users in order to maintain quality practice. One of the toughest things is to balance out rights and responsibilities. It means taking ownership not only of your stuff, but also keeping an eye out for the other people as well. For example, being responsible around the Queensland for the service users may mean cleaning up after your mess and†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Aim at a balance between the principles of duty of care and least Restrictive alternatives that don’t unduly limit the ability of service Users to make decisions or take responsibility for their actions †¢ facilitate access to other support required by service users toShow MoreRelated(B): Describe How Two Pieces of Legislation Impacts on the Setting.1241 Words   |  5 Pages(B): Describe how two pieces of legislation impacts on the setting. For this assignment, I will consider how rights and responsibilities of service users and service providers in the setting are impacted by the use of legislation. According to www.dhsspsni.gov.uk â€Å"Legislation is defined as the act of making law(s) by the Governing Body in a country. Legislation is needed for the implementation of policies in, e.g. hospitals† The two legislations I will consider are; †¢ The Northern Ireland ActRead MoreHnd Level 5- Unit 9 Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesLearning how the design and review of services promote and maximises the rights of users of health and social care services 1.1 Explain how current legislation and sector skills standards influence organisational policies and practices for promoting and maximising the rights of users of health and social care services All health providers have the responsibility to work within a legal framework, this means that health care providers have the obligation to respect service users rights and treatingRead MoreDiversity: Discrimination and Service Users1535 Words   |  7 Pagesequality and inclusion 2.1 Promote equality, diversity and inclusion in policy and practice It is your role and responsibility to ensure that all staff promote equality, diversity and inclusion, whether dealing with service users directly or indirectly. This can be done in the following ways: Dignity and respect – respect individual’s need for privacy and dignity in the way that service is provided and the way that information is handled. Treat service users with tolerance and have a non-judgementalRead MorePrinciples and Values Which Underpin the Support for Individual Who Use Services901 Words   |  4 Pagesin this setting includes respecting the principles and values which underpin the support for individuals who’s in St. Anne’s Community Services which is part of the organisation who look after of a homeless people. Ethical consideration has different kinds of treatment with in Health and Social Care setting which are: social justice, a person centred approach, right to life, honesty and empathy. SOCIAL JUSTICE refers to the concept of a society in which justice is involved or achieved in every aspectRead MorePublic Services And Social Care1216 Words   |  5 PagesPersonalisation is when the public services and social care in an entirely different way. They do this by starting with the person rather than the service; it will require the transformation of adult Social Care. There is going to be new legislation brought in 2013 for mental health issues based on autonomy, this is respecting the individual Capacity to decide and act on his own and his rights and to subject to restraint by others. Justice, this is to the law is equal; therefore if a person withRead MoreEssay on unit 401528 Words   |  7 Pagespressure sores. Amy’s appetite has also become very poor and she usually only eats a few spoonful’s of her food. When carers encourage her to eat more she refuses. The Human Rights act The human rights act is there to protect people, young, old, rich and poor. They give people the right to freedom of speech, right of freedom, privacy and to be equally treated (not discriminated). This links to Amy because with Amy having dementia she may do certain things that are not appropriate. An exampleRead MoreSafeguarding Vulnerable Group Act 20061512 Words   |  7 Pagesmade health and social care staff much more aware of what is regarded as abuse and how to identify that abuse may have occurred. This rule helps to know what to do and how to do it if you suspect any kind of maltreatment or abuse or if an individual tells you that they are being abused. (Stretch, Whitehouse, health and social care level 3 books 1 P105). This is why this regulation helps to know what to do and how to do it if you believe if a human being tells you that they are being abused. AlsoRead Moreï » ¿UNIT 502 PROMOTE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿UNIT 502 PROMOTE PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT In my role it is important to continually improve my knowledge and practices. In health and social care ways of working and legislation as well as good practice are constantly changing. Therefore it is important to keep up to date with training and also any changes in legislation. This will enable me to deliver the best service possible to the tenants I support and also enables me to keep staff upto date with any changes in the way that we work. ItRead MoreNvq 31678 Words   |  7 Pages9, page 1 of 2 Engage in personal development in health, social care or children’s and young people’s settings. 1.1 Describe the duties and responsibilities of own work role. My duties and responsibilities are described in my job descriscription, which relates to the area of health and social care in which I work and my work place. My responsibilities are governed by relevant legislation of the GSCC code of practise for support workers. My workplace policies and procedures are built around theseRead MoreAnti Discriminatory Practice1686 Words   |  7 Pages Anti-discriminatory Practice Human rights act 1998 This is useful within the UK because lays down the law which every individual is entitled too. These rights give us freedom. They may affect many things such as the rights to live and the rights to die also the rights we use in everyday life. National initiatives promote anti-discriminatory practice so issues are prevented from happening. Freedom from torture and degrading treatment – This mean treatment causing severe mental or physical

Long Term Dangers Of Steroid Abuse - 2099 Words

Gage Mollura Professor Belyi Comp 1- 7AM 5 August 2015 Long Term Dangers of Steroid Abuse Anabolic Steroids are commonly viewed as a miracle drug in order to increase muscle growth and definition, but what most users of the drug don’t know are the life altering effects that prolonged use can cause. When the drug was released in the late 50’s by scientists working for the Soviet Union, they had no idea what the lasting effects were going to be. At first the drug seemed to be almost a miracle, it helped the Soviet weightlifting team beat the American team by a long shot, but then the lifters began to experience certain bodily changes that were actually the onsets of horrendous life changing side effects that could have been prevented with further studies. Since that time, most states in North America and around have banned the distribution and use of the drug completely due to its adverse effects on the body, if caught using such drugs in professional sporting communities, it could land the athlete thousands of dollars’ worth of fines and they can even face up to five years in jail if they are found with the drug in their possession. On top of this, the risks involved can potentially alter the normal way of life for that athlete for the rest of his life, such risks include hormonal changes, cardiovascular problems, behavioral issues, and even problems with the reproductive system. Anabolic steroids are mainlyShow MoreRelatedCase Study : Mr. Big Of New Zealand 1624 Words   |  7 Pagesdays are numbered and is trying (in spite of his slurred speech and hard-to-follow thought processes) to spread a message before he dies. That message is: DO NOT ABUSE ENHANCMENT DRUGS AND STEROIDS. Justin’s primary method of achieving his size was to experiment with whatever enhancement drug he could get his hands on including steroids. He basically turned his body into his own scientific guinea pig experimenting with enhancement drugs of all kinds to find the quickest way to gain size and strengthRead More The Prolonged Effects of Steroids Essay791 Words   |  4 Pagesinjection. The injections and pills are harmless for now. When abused the effects of anabolic steroids are lethal. Anabolic steroids are an illegal drug unlike their counterpart, the corticosteroids. You will soon learn the consequences of using an illegal advantage of steroids in sports and on the body. If you want to know about the effects of steroids you first must know what steroids are. Steroids are a medicine taken by mouth or injection and, when used correctly can heal your injury andRead More Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay examples1507 Words   |  7 Pagesto the athlete, but after they stop using the drugs and lose some strength, you become trapped in the steroid cycle. Steroids were developed in Europe around 1930 to treat undernourished and healing patients after surgery. Steroids are a synthetic version of the human hormone called testosterone. It stimulates development of bones and muscles. Competitive weightlifters began using these steroids around the 1950s as a way to increase their athletic performance and gain an upper hand on the restRead MoreShould Athletes Use Performance Enhancing Drugs Help Push Themselves Farther Than Their Natural Limits?1047 Words   |  5 Pagesmyocardial infarction aka heart attack, eczema, abscess. All of these are listed in the FDA’s Adverse Event Reporting System as known side effects of Vitamin C(Adverse Event Reporting System)†¦? Huh...What makes steroids more controversial than Vitamin C? After all, it’s common knowledge that the abuse of pretty much anything can come with some pretty severe adverse effects. Thesis: Today I am going to tell you why athletes should be able to use performance-enhancing drugs to push themselves farther thanRead MoreAbusing Steroids For A Good Body2117 Words   |  9 PagesAnabolic steroids. Now Justin Rys’ body is failing him, his speech is slurred he spits and struggles to make sense. He also takes dozens of prescription pills daily, most of them for his failing heart, as a result he has utterly shortened his lifespan, and because of this, Justin comments, â€Å"That is something that I really want to tell people†¦ you can hurt yourself. You can look like me†¦ [But] you can really kill yourself doing it† (qtd. in dying for a good body). Justin knows that abusing steroids forRead MoreEffects of Different Drug Use: Short Term and Long Term Essay1349 Words   |  6 Pagesdrug is specified for people with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity as well as narcolepsy, although if you decide to abuse the drug and use it for recrea tional purposes you may start to feel paranoia and nervousness. Using amphetamines can also put a strain on the circulatory system by causing the users blood pressure to increase suddenly. (Amphetamine) Long term psychological effects of the drug can cause something called amphetamine psychosis which is much like paranoid schizophrenia.Read MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1495 Words   |  6 Pages162 games for using steroids† (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people get caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and there are negative consequences from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can cause manyRead MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1554 Words   |  7 Pagesgames for using steroids† (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people are caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and many negative consequences are caused from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can causeRead MoreSteroids Is Not The Ideal Choice For Many Health Reasons1551 Words   |  7 Pages162 games for using steroids (History). The use of steroids has forever changed the world of professional sports, making it a world fueled by drug contacts instead of skill and talent. Steroids could possibly be legalized although there are many risks, people get caught everyday using steroids, people could be harmed from using steroids, and there are negative consequences from the use of steroids. Steroids are not the ideal choice for many health reasons. The use of steroids in men can cause manyRead MoreProfessional Athletes and Drug Use Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesmost athletes are the following: Anabolic Steroids, Dietary supplements, Blood Doping, Stimulants, Narcotics and Corticosteroids, and Alcohol. Anabolic steroids are used illegally by athletes, to increase muscle mass and strength. Anabolic steroids are also called Androgenic-anabolic steroids. They get their name from the Greek words Andro and Gennan which mean male producing, and Anabold which means to build up. Anabolic steroids are chemically similar to the male hormone

Roller Skate Man Analysis free essay sample

The poem â€Å"Roller Skate Man† by Raymond Souster is about a legless man who gets around on a block of wood strapped to roller-skates. The central purpose of this poem is to make people realize that the way disabled people are treated in society is wrong. That is because the author/narrator describes the man to be physically unappealing by using words such as: â€Å"shrivelled body†, â€Å"freak† and â€Å"big head†. The words used to describe him are based on what society thinks of this particular person. It takes place sometime during the rush hour because in the second verse the author says â€Å"†¦speed between silk-stockinged legs † meaning that he is speeding through many people. Also, in the second verse, the geographical setting is given by the author â€Å"†¦Queen Street†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Also, the fact that the man is clamped on a block of wood and uses his gloved hands to propel himself tells us that he is poor because he cannot afford a wheelchair to go around the city. We will write a custom essay sample on Roller Skate Man Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lastly, the central idea of this poem is to overcome obstacles no matter how big. The entire poem contains one extended metaphor about a boat on a river. The development of the metaphor began in verse two when the author compared his hands to paddles, because the man uses his hands to propel himself and navigate around the street and pavement. Next, the author used â€Å"familiar waters† implying that the street he was on was a river and that he does this often; hence the word familiar. Because of the extended metaphor, we can infer that the block of wood may also be a boat navigating across the waters. When we put all the pieces together we get a full, clear image: The man was getting around on his boat (â€Å"block of wood†), paddling (â€Å"hands are paddles†), speeding against the current (â€Å"Silk-stockinged legs†) and all of this happening throughout the vast river (â€Å"Queen Street†). The tone of the poem was heroic because in a sense the author is praising the man throughout the poem by describing all the things he has to go through every day and the fact that he never gives up (Inner strength). The poem also consisted of much visual imagery. That is because the author gave viewable/perceptible descriptions of the man. For example, in the first verse the author gives a thorough description of the physical attributes of the man. Also, the verses following have visual descriptions of his obstacles/suffering and that too from his own perspective. With these vivid descriptions, the author tries to put us in his shoes and make an attempt to show us what the man has to go through each and every day. Lastly, the diction of the poem was used to express his thoughts. Words and lines such as â€Å"freak†, â€Å"shrivelled body† and â€Å"flotsam among the jetsam of your world† contains negative connotation because that is how society sees him. Also, the author used a few words and phrases to paint a positive image of the man, for instance: â€Å"speed between†, and the extended metaphor of the boat. This made us feel that the man was emotionally strong, had inner strength and was determined to continue his everyday life without the criticism of others.

iPhone and YouTube

From the current information systems publications reviewed, it is clearly evident that the sale of iphones is predicted to increase contrary to what analysts had earlier predicted. This is due to the increased number of iphones produced and activated by the Verizon. Evidently, the rate at which people are embracing technology is amazing. Verizon activated approximately 3.1 iphones. This is a clear indication that its sales will be positive.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on iPhone and YouTube specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Analysts from Fortune had earlier predicted a low sales turnout of 21 million (Whitney, 2012). Besides, the numbers of iphones traded in the market are 25 million and 35 million in the first quarter and second quarter respectively. On the other hand, internet users are able to lay down their viewership objectives for various videos through YouTube. This in return could be useful to those videos that are not aimed at making profits. Besides, YouTube provide analytical support to those individuals who want to share videos on the internet. â€Å"Digital thermometer† can be used to establish viewpoints. Moreover, campaigns can be used to set up goals for the videos (King, 2012). Through setting up the goals, there will be an increase in the number of viewers and their fans can easily contribute in establishing the goals. Importance of the issues to the information system profession From the issues discussed, internet users are able to obtain relevant information regarding the iphone. Besides, many people are now informed on the number of sales and the profit iPhone company has made in the last quarter. Customers can buy the iPhones at their own disposal (online) as they do not have to go to the respective shops. Concurrently, YouTube viewers can now share videos online free of charge. Additionally, single or multiple videos can be posted online. Through YouTube, nonpro fit programs can be posted. This will eventually help in providing knowledge and changing lives of individuals. YouTube viewers can also evaluate the trends and patterns of two unlike metrics. These indicate the advancements in the information system as a profession How the issue is related to the course The issues in the articles reviewed are related to the course in a number of ways. The information about the discussed products is in line with the information system profession. Besides, the ideas from the issues are directly connected with the information system. Concurrently, the issues discussed in the YouTube’s context are related to the course since software developers can easily present their inventions online. Beside, relevant information regarding YouTube videos can be posted by the nonprofit organizations and viewed by the internet users.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More How the issue will impact the profession Evidently, the current issue discussed will impact the information system in numerous ways. For instance, the current advancements mentioned earlier have improved the image of the profession. Currently, many people prefer using the internet to explore various ideas regarding a product or an issue. Additionally, those involved in the information system are able to widen their thinking capacity by obtaining relevant and vital information. On the other hand, more associations will be noticed in the nonprofit programs found in YouTube. Besides, through YouTube, formal request can be signed, international laws (regarding media) can be changed, and patents can also be provided with limited barriers. This is a critical provision in various contexts. It is vital to understand the provisions of information systems in regard to YouTube. References King, R. (2012). YouTube reaches out to nonprofits with Campaigns tracking tool. Web. Whitney , L. (2012). iPhone sales may be better than expected, says analyst. Web. This essay on iPhone and YouTube was written and submitted by user Alyson Atkinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The End Of Innocence

were comforting, but not exactly what I wanted to hear. I mean, this was it. This was the day that is supposed to pay off for the 13 years of school one had to endure. Maybe I was just making a big deal out of nothing. The time after breakfast and before the ceremony was like blur. No sooner had I finished my omelet, then it was almost time for me to get to the school. As I drove to campus, I remembered some of the fun times my friends and I had. The lunches in the cafeteria, the teachers we all loved to hate, the basketball state championship. All of these memories hit me like a ton of bricks. It made the feeling that was festering inside me worse. It was over; these times were gone now, forever. After graduation, everything would be different. I could not look forward to going back to school the next year with all the same people I was used to. Everybody was taking different paths. Everybody was starting their life in the real world. I dismis... Free Essays on The End Of Innocence Free Essays on The End Of Innocence High school graduation is a day that many people look back on with pride and satisfaction. It is a day that marks a major accomplishment in many lives. I wish that day had felt like an accomplishment for me. The day had started out ok. All the seniors had to report to the football field early that morning for practice. The sun was unusually strong for that time of day. After two hours of baking out there, we were dismissed. I met up with one of my friends and we made plans to go out for breakfast. I remember thinking it was funny how she showed up to practice in her pj’s. We went over to the IHOP by her grandmother’s house, she ordered the smiley face pancakes, and I had an omelet. I had been having a weird feeling about graduation and I wanted to know if maybe she felt the same. I asked if she was scared, and I will always remember her answer. â€Å"Of course I’m scared, everybody is. This is a big step on the road of life. It’s the end of an era, and of our innocence.† Her words were comforting, but not exactly what I wanted to hear. I mean, this was it. This was the day that is supposed to pay off for the 13 years of school one had to endure. Maybe I was just making a big deal out of nothing. The time after breakfast and before the ceremony was like blur. No sooner had I finished my omelet, then it was almost time for me to get to the school. As I drove to campus, I remembered some of the fun times my friends and I had. The lunches in the cafeteria, the teachers we all loved to hate, the basketball state championship. All of these memories hit me like a ton of bricks. It made the feeling that was festering inside me worse. It was over; these times were gone now, forever. After graduation, everything would be different. I could not look forward to going back to school the next year with all the same people I was used to. Everybody was taking different paths. Everybody was starting their life in the real world. I dismis...

Definition of Qualitative Analysis in Chemistry

Definition of Qualitative Analysis in Chemistry In chemistry, qualitative analysis is the determination of the chemical composition of  a sample. It encompasses a set of analytical chemistry techniques that provide nonnumerical information about a specimen. Qualitative analysis can tell you whether an atom, ion, functional group, or compound is present or absent in a sample, but it doesnt provide information about its quantity (how much). Quantification of a sample, in contrast, is called quantitative analysis. Techniques and Tests Qualitative analysis involves chemical tests, such as the Kastle-Meyer test for blood or the iodine test for starch. Another common qualitative test, used in inorganic chemical analysis, is the flame test. Qualitative analysis typically measures changes in color, melting point, odor, reactivity, radioactivity, boiling point, bubble production, and precipitation. Methods include distillation, extraction, precipitation, chromatography, and spectroscopy. Branches of Qualitative Analysis The two main branches of qualitative analysis are organic qualitative analysis (such as the iodine test) and inorganic qualitative analysis (such as the flame test). Inorganic analysis looks at the elemental and ionic composition of a sample, usually by examination of ions in aqueous solution. Organic analysis tends to look at types of molecules, functional groups, and chemical bonds.Example: She used qualitative analysis to find that the solution contained Cu2 and Cl-  ions.

Hobbes's key Philosophical contributions to social and political Research Paper

Hobbes's key Philosophical contributions to social and political Philisophy - Research Paper Example This, in its turn, logically resulted in the second provision which is attributed to the philosopher in question: the concept of war of all against all (Bobbio 41). Finally, there is another contribution which should be marked in particular: Hobbes suggested that religion should play a lesser role in explaining the state of social affairs which led to decrease of role of religion in science in general. As for the political dimension of his legacy, one should point out that this philosopher advocated the idea of a social contract that all the people concluded in order to stop the chaos around them. In addition to that, this idea is closely connected to the considerations about the positive role of an absolute monarch which embodied the power which the other people were not able to resist (Lloyd 289). In other words, the institute of monarchy that is condemned by the modern democratic society is what Hobbes valued rather

The Importance of Critical Thinking to Nursing Graduates Essay - 1

The Importance of Critical Thinking to Nursing Graduates - Essay Example Why do nursing schools highlight critical thinking so much? Why is it so important for nursing graduates to develop this skill? Research provides us with various answers to these questions. For one, nursing graduates on their first year discover that working in a health care facility is not as straightforward as that of nursing school – there are no written instructions, no mentors to guide their every move. Moreover, the various changes in health care institutions require nursing graduates the capacity to learn â€Å"on the job† and to make time-sensitive decisions without compromising quality of service delivery. Fresh out of college, with beautiful dreams on how to help their patients, most nursing graduates tend to underestimate the complexity of their chosen career. In fact, many nursing graduates have created ideals by which they want to base their practice on. These ideals are expressed in terms such as the â€Å"pursuit of patient-centered holistic care, of high quality care and theoretical knowledge, and of evidence-based care† (Wangensteen, 2010, p. 12). But research shows that reality soon catches up with nursing graduates as they strive gain experience from their practice while at the same time struggling to comply with convert rules, and organizational constraints (Maben, Latter, & Clark, 2007). Most new nurses feel no control over their situation as they strive to find their place in the organization. Hence, it is no wonder that most new nurses describe their first year in practice as a year of â€Å"uncertainty and chaos† (Wangensteen, 2010, p. 44). Research shows that whether nursing graduates worked in the hospital or in home care, the experience was the same – first time nurses found it difficult to adjust to their new role because reality was so much more different that what was taught in nursing school. Once working with health care

The Return of the Native By Thomas Hardy Analysis Essay Example for Free

The Return of the Native By Thomas Hardy Analysis Essay Thomas Hardy, a writer of nineteenth century society, has created an everlasting impact on its readers through his most profound and lively characters with varied dimensions in personality. He gave his characters a touch of realism with an in-depth intensity to misunderstand their real nature and their real intentions in life. They are always finding themselves in a struggle with their own desires and circumstances. Fate plays the most crucial yet evil role in many events in their lives with reflection of impassive attitude and tragic consequences. His â€Å"The Return of the Native† is also a tragedy unfolding many deepen aspects of his characters’ with the settings itself revealing impending damage or tragedy waiting to happen.   It appears hidden beneath the wastelands of Egdon Heath number of secrets aspiring to be opened. â€Å"It is a place of long life and of sudden death, of fertile spring and short, vivid summer.†(Flowers Spring, 19) Edgon Heath’s importance lies in the way it affected the personalities of Eustacia and Wildeve, who feel themselves depressed in these lonely places. For Hardy, life is painful and full of agony and is clearly seen in the eyes of protagonists. The plot of â€Å"The Return of the Native† is set in context to the passionate and romantic zeal of Eustacia who took her to a tragic end. â€Å"It is the force of circumstances-the malignant power of Edgon Heath to dwarf and thwart the aspiring soul –that derives Eustacia Vye to irretrievable disaster†. (Flowers Spring, 121) Hardy adopted Victorian style in â€Å"The Return of the Native† with its detailed description of the story with many references pertaining to classical and scriptural style. Initially, its theme raised the eyebrows in the society but later the same theme became most popular among readers and critics alike. The theme owes its popularity to its originality and very nifty; the novel contains various moral truths that were the part of the society. All the characters have appeared to be born and grown in relationship with their environment and changes in weather of Heath corresponds to the inner turmoil of characters. With Eustacia Vye as part of Heath, Diggory Venn too appears to be born out of the muddy earth and the name Wildeve itself suggests his attributes to be born out of Heath’s blowing winds. The story revolves around Eustacia who Hardy describes as the most tempestuous lady desperate for passionate love denied to her in the vast arid lands of the Dorset County with only his grandfather as her companion. She is feeling very dejected by her boring life and is looking for an ideal man with whom she could spend the rest of her life. By crafting Eustacia as the most voracious character, â€Å"The Return of The Nativeâ€Å" became yet another story in a family of genre of most sensational works of Hardy. Besides sensation of suspense, more important is the creation of melodrama and behavior in the extreme extent but it’s a novel that has both modest as well as honest appeal. The story raises the question how the free will of the people and fate can go side by side. Eustacia’s passionate desire to marry person of fortune brings her into contact with Clym and ultimately marries him. But fate has something else in store for her; Clym Yeobright’s wanted to open a school in native country and in his pursuit he got himself blinded and they had to live in a hut meanwhile Wildeve too inherited maximum sum of money and they began to meet regularly. This meeting became a cause for the biggest tragedy ever that could happen in their lives. First Clym’s mother Mrs Yeobright died due to heat and snakebite, as she was not allowed by Eustacia to enter into house. Later Eustacia died due to drowning and Wildeve too embraced death in his effort to save Eustacia. But Diggory Venn saved Clym only to leave him behind with blind eyes and as a wandering preacher. The story has a tragic ending but we can also see certain note of hope and optimism as Diggory Venn got his true love Thomasin. The whole story shows how human beings in their desire to obtain pleasure show incapacity to change for right actions leading to gravest tragedy. Hardy’s message is quite clear: happiness for human beings is very short lived, and they feel themselves at-least fortunate if they could at-least avoid pains. Amidst the conventional countryside, Hardy portrayed the changes in Victorian society his protagonists wanted to see in their lives, yet he too did not deny the errors of these uneducated and unsophisticated country folks who were equally known for their loyalty as well as prejudice. (Flowers Spring, 21) â€Å"The Return of The Native† was Hardy’s sixth novel and when it first appeared in the serial Belgravia, its subject raised controversy. But soon it became one of the most popular novels with its popularity lying in its inquisitive derive to probe most intricate issues involving human beings-disillusioned love affairs and societal prejudices crushing passionate desires. Hardy is quite clear when he says that no one can escape the destiny and those who would try to escape it would end up having tragic consequences’.   For D.H Lawrence, this novel delves into the ways communities handle their misfortunes. Many feel its ending is not clear even though there was tragedy in the end, yet Hardy gave it happy ending with the marriage of Diggory Venn and Thomasin. With this ending, Hardy left the readers to comprehend themselves the conclusion and it is quite true in real life too.   If there is a tragedy in the lives of the people, there are many who are happy too.   By making the ending of the novel uncertain and vague, Hardy states the life is also very uncertain and vague. â€Å"The Return of the Native† is very interesting to read and fully describes with intensity Hardy’s genre in describing his characters. With this story, Hardy deviated from his conventional style of being a tragic writer to bring forth happy ending. WORKS CITED Flowers, Charles Spring, Michael. â€Å"Thomas Hardys Return of the Native†. New York: Barron’s Educational Series, 1984.

Essay on Toni Morrisons Beloved - Misuse of Language -- Toni Morrison

The Misuse of Language in Beloved In Toni Morrison's Beloved many negative methods of communication used by the white people are effectively hijacked by the black people. The black people create a completely new message and a positive form of communication. These forms of communication, in turn, empower the oppressed black people, providing channels for the expression of ideas, thoughts, and memories. Such was the case in the American culture of the mid 1800's as depicted in Beloved because of the gap in the social status and power of black versus white Americans. The language of the whites was not able to effectively communicate the thoughts of all and was used many times as a method of coercion. Largely, I am referring to oral and written communication. Oral communication done by whites in the book tends to be in the manner of orders, or to demean, dismiss, or condemn. This gives standard oral communication a somewhat negative air. Written communication is also tainted by the white people who abuse it. For example, on pages 155-6, as Paul D is reading the newspaper clipping given to him by Stamp Paid about Sethe, he is filled with a sense of foreboding. "A whip of fear broke through the heart chambers as soon as one saw a Negro's face in a paper, since the face was not there because the person had a healthy baby, or outran a street mob. Nor was it there because the person had been killed, or maimed or caught or burned or jailed or whipped or evicted or stomped or raped or cheated, since that would hardly qualify as news in a newspaper. It would have to be something out of the ordinary--something white people would find interesting, truly different, worth a few minutes of teeth sucking if ... ...y subvert this message of dehumanization. Instead, they choose to make their scars work for them in ways other options of communication may fail. Scars prove themselves to be something solid, physical, unchanging to which people may depend on when written and spoken words may fail them. In this way, scars function as a viable alternative form of communication, acting as a medium for storytelling, identification, and shared bond between people. Scars empower those otherwise oppressed. This disproves the assumption that "definitions belong to the definers, not to the defined" in the context that whites make the definitions and rule over blacks. Instead it changed the meaning in that the black people in the book are also definers, breaking away from the rule of the oppressor's language by developing their own interpretations and means of communication.

Seasonal Variation Common Pediatric Problems Health And Social Care Essay

Background: Seasonal fluctuation is an of import public wellness phenomenon. Many common human diseases display predictable seasonal tendencies depending upon direct or indirect factors act uponing patient results. Pakistan lacks clear cut informations about this issue. Seasonal fluctuation assumes critical importance when it comes to paediatric disease in our set up. Our under 5 old ages mortality is one of the highest in WHO-EMRO part. Aims & A ; Aims: Present survey is aimed at observing and documenting seasonal tendencies in paediatric unwellnesss with highest morbidity and mortality rates in our state, viz. , acute stomach flu, asthma, URTI and LRTI. Material & A ; Methods: Retrospective reappraisal of Pediatric OPD databases for three ( 2006-2008 ) consecutive old ages in Kuwait Teaching Hospital was carried out by the research workers and instances run intoing inclusion standards were entered in survey database. Data was analyzed for seasonal tendencies utilizing Microsoft Excel 2007. Consequences: Clear cut seasonal tendencies were seen in Acute Gastroenteritis, URTI, Asthma aggravation and LRTI. Each disease displayed one-year extremums for three back-to-back old ages. Decision: Major paediatric slayers in our state show predictable seasonal tendencies that can be used for better readiness and improved results in paediatric population Keywords: Seasonal fluctuation, Acute Gastroenteritis, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Lower Respiratory Tract Infection, Asthma, Pediatrics, List of Abbreviations AGE Acute Gastroenteritis EMRO East Mediterranean Regional Office IMCI Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesss KTH Kuwait Teaching Hospital LRTI Lower Respiratory Tract Infection OPD Out Patient Department PMC Peshawar Medical College RSV Respiratory Syncytial Virus URTI Upper Respiratory Tract Infection WHO World Health Organization List of Tables, Graphs and Figures Table 1: Entire figure of instances of selected diseases for each twelvemonth of survey at Kuwait Teaching Hospital Figure: Seasonal tendency of Acute Gastroenteritis ( AGE ) instances Figure: Seasonal tendency of instances with acute aggravation of asthma Figure: Seasonal tendency of instances with acute aggravation of URTI Figure: Seasonal tendency of LRTI instances Background Seasonal fluctuation is a well-known public wellness property of human unwellness. It is of import from epidemiologic position point and serves as an index of etiologies other than primary causative agent for a disease. Human immune responses, [ 1 ] , bacterial counts, [ 2, 3 ] , allergen denseness, exposure rates, [ 3, 4 ] and opportunity exposure, [ 5 ] are all seasonally determined. Bing able to foretell seasonal fluctuation in any disease is, intelligibly, an assistance in index of intuition, diagnosing and above all aa‚ ¬Aâ€Å"Emergency Preparednessaa‚ ¬A? and preventative steps to incorporate disease. Outside primary attention, seasonal fluctuation has been documented in admittance rates to intensive attention units ( United Kingdom ) , [ 6, 7 ] visits to the exigency section ( United States ) , [ 8 ] and all-cause mortality ( United Kingdom ) , [ 9 ] . Published surveies show seasonal fluctuation in the diagnosing of ischaemic bosom disease in general pattern ( United Kingdom ) , [ 10 ] and in the figure of visits to primary attention doctors ( Sweden ) . The Swedish survey, based on a 14-year observation period from 1969 to 1982, found that visits to primary attention doctors declined during July and August in relation to a diminution in diagnosings related to respiratory tract infections, and that there were no appreciable differences for the remainder of the twelvemonth. Season specific unwellnesss, [ 11, 12, 13 ] and mortality rates, [ 13, 14 ] are now being used to find several wellness parametric quantities and resource allotment in wellness sector. This makes finding of se asonal fluctuation an of import public wellness step particularly in catching diseases. Although Pakistan is endemic for several catching diseases, yet we do non hold sufficient informations to back up seasonal fluctuation for common primary attention jobs in our population. Bing a state that faces one of the highest under 5 mortality rates in the WHO-EMRO part, we carry the duty of sensing and certification of baseline informations for appropriate intercessions in paediatric unwellness. From a public wellness position, the current survey will assist us place the demand for intercession and formulate schemes on a larger graduated table to cut down under 5 yr. morbidity and mortality rates in our population. Present survey is a Pilot design to look into the seasonal fluctuation of common paediatric wellness jobs showing to a primary attention OPD in a metropolis of Pakistan. Aims: To observe and document seasonal tendencies in paediatric unwellnesss with highest morbidity and mortality rates in our state, viz. , acute stomach flu, asthma, URTI and LRTI in Kuwait Teaching Hospital OPD, from 2006-2008. Methodology Present survey is a retrospective descriptive analysis of an bing database at paediatric OPD at Kuwait Teaching Hospital, KTH, Peshawar. Kuwait Teaching Hospital is an affiliate of Peshawar Medical College, an commissioned establishment of medical instruction. Pediatric OPD at KTH is of moderate volume with 60-80 OPD visits per twenty-four hours by kids belonging to middle to low socioeconomic category signifier the environing Jamrud Road and Tehkal country. Patients are largely cultural Afghans and Pashtuns. PMC Pediatrics is a well-equipped unit with inpatient bed strength of 35 beds and 5 neonatal isolates. It is staffed by 3 advisers 6 medical officers and 7 paediatric nurses. Study was approved by PMC Institutional Ethical Committee and informations aggregation was performed on site in KTH. Data was extracted from OPD and ward registries and patient medical records for admitted patients for old ages 2006, 2007 and 2008. Research workers met hebdomadal during informations extraction and informations entry clip and discussed jobs for common declaration. Operational definitions used were standard WHO/IMCI definitions. Acute Gastroenteritis was a kid less than 5 old ages age showing with history of increased frequence and reduced consistence of stool over past 24 hours with or without febrility and emesis. Upper Respiratory Tract Infection was child less than 5 old ages age showing with acute ear aching, sore pharynx, tonsillitis, spasmodic laryngitis or epiglottitis with moderate to severe respiratory hurt category harmonizing to IMCI categorization, Lower Respiratory Tract Infection was a kid less than 5 old ages showing with respiratory hurt harmonizing to IMCI categorization and chest X-ray findings consistent with lobar or bronchial pneumonia. Acute Exacerbation of Asthma was presence of respiratory hurt and wheezing in a kid less than 5 old ages age who was known to hold reactive air passages disease. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel 2007 and later analyzed for seasonal fluctuation. Graphs were constructed for each paediatric status under consideration and compared for consistence. Consequences A sum of 7209 patients were included in the survey reported in Kuwait Teaching Hospital OPD from January 2006 to December 2008. Entire figure of instances reported for Acute Gastroenteritis, Upper Respiratory Tract Infections, Asthma and Lower Respiratory Tract Infections were 3129, 1527, 1599, and 954 severally. 72.80 % of instances of AGE were reported in the months of April, May, June, July, August and September ( summer ) as shown in Figure 1. Patients with acute aggravation asthma reported most in the month of April ( spring ) ( 13.01 % ) and winter season. The Numberss of instances show a gradual addition from September to December ( winter ) ( 51.16 % ) as shown in figure 2. 61.36 % of instances of URTI were in the months of February, April, October, November and December. An addition in patient count was observed from the month of October to December ( 36.87 % of entire instances ) as shown in Figure 3. Extremums in the figure of patients reported for LRTI was observed in the months of April and July ( 15.93 % of entire ) and there was a gradual addition in patient count in winter months i.e. September, October, November, December and January ( 55.87 % of entire instances ) as shown in Figure 4. Year of Study Acute Gastroenteritis Upper Respiratory Infection Lower Respiratory Infection Acute Exacerbation of Asthma 2006 933 450 288 420 2007 1007 510 309 549 2008 1189 567 357 630 Entire 3129 1527 954 1599 Table: Entire figure of instances of selected diseases for each twelvemonth of survey at Kuwait Teaching HospitalFigure 1: Seasonal tendency of Acute Gastroenteritis ( AGE ) instancesFigure2: Seasonal tendency of instances with acute aggravation of asthma Figure 3: Seasonal tendency of instances with acute aggravation of URTI Figure 4: Seasonal tendency of LRTI instances Discussion Our chief aim was to observe and document seasonal tendencies in paediatric unwellnesss with high morbidity and mortality rates in our state, viz. , acute stomach flu, Asthma, URTI and LRTI. Although seasonal tendencies of assorted wellness jobs have been studied by assorted research workers in Pakistan and other SAARC states. Areas of probe include childhood poisoning [ 15 ] and shot, [ 16 ] . Probe of seasonal tendencies of childhood unwellnesss in Pakistan has non been carried out to the authoraa‚ ¬a„?s cognition. AGE exhibited a reasonably unvarying distribution form over the assorted old ages with regard to its seasonality. Higher sensing rate of AGE during the summer season may be explained due to assorted factors. First of all high temperature during this clip of the twelvemonth is thought to advance growing of morbific beings in the environment. [ 17 ] Furthermore, monsoon season causes a batch of strain on already unequal sewerage disposal system hence ensuing in a greater figure of incident instances. Particularly in the summers, the frequence of AGE towers above other paediatric diseases. The greater load of this disease exists in kids because of their under developed immune system. Asthma showed a bimodal distribution with its first extremum in spring and 2nd extremum in winters. The consequences clearly show that most people seek medical attention for Asthma in spring and winter. The rise in admittance for Asthma in spring may hold been related to increasing tree and grass pollen counts. The oncoming of cold conditions has been shown to be related to symptoms of asthma [ 18, 19, 20 ] . The acquisition of viral infections, [ 21 ] the seasonal prevalence of fungous spores, [ 22, 23 ] and the fluctuation in the house dust mite population [ 24, 25 ] may lend. The clear seasonal fluctuation is consistent throughout our state, proposing that similar environmental trigger factors are responsible for arousing onslaughts. Our consequences showed an addition in patient count with LRTI and URTI during the months of February, April, and July and in winter season in all the three old ages under survey. This may be due to the fact that people remain indoors during cold conditions. Due to shut contact in indoor environment, people, particularly kids, are more prone to acquire disease. The agents that cause LRTI are most frequently transmitted by droplet spread ensuing from close contact with a beginning instance. Contact with contaminated vehicles besides may be of import in the acquisition of viral agents, particularly RSV. Probably the somewhat fewer studies in summer were a manifestation of epidemic instead than seasonal fluctuation. For grounds that are unknown, different viruses cause extremums of infection at different times during the respiratory virus season ; these extremums rarely occur at the same time [ 26 ] . Seasonal tendencies are complex phenomena that require elaborate surveies with multipl e samples from diverse population beginnings over long periods of clip to be able to foretell seasonality of disease. Therefore, farther surveies with bigger samples and over longer continuance of clip are required to foreground the phenomena better in our set up. Decision A important seasonal fluctuation was observed in AGE, URTI, LRTI and Asthma. Summer received most instances of AGE. Most of the patients with Asthma were reported in spring and winter. A important addition in patient count with URTI was observed in winter and spring in all the three old ages. Most of the patients with LRTI were observed in winter and in the months of April and July. Further surveies with bigger samples and over longer continuance of clip are required to foreground this phenomena better.

Why Pakistani People Have Lost a Sense of Nationality

Identity may be defined as a distinctive characteristic of an individual or a particular group of individuals. For one’s survival in this world it is very crucial to maintain his identity. If we expand the criterion of ‘identity’ to national level it is of utmost importance because it is nation’s identity which distinguishes its people from the rest of the world. The importance of national Identity can be better analyzed by the fact that it is the base of all the policies, i. e. domestic and foreign policy and hence the social. economic cultural and ethical development of any country partly depends upon its national identity. In other words actions of a nation are determined by its identity. As far as Pakistan’s identity is concerned, it may be divided into three phases, i. e. pre-partition, post partition and present day. The term ‘identity crisis’ is used to denote a particular situation where by an individual, group of individuals or a nation faces conflicts regarding its identity. These conflicts occur when one’s ideological basis and prevailing circumstances contradict in such a way that the prevailing circumstances dominate the ideological basis. . With reference to Pakistan the history of ‘identity crisis’ have its roots in the late Mughal dynasty. The comfort-loving attitude of the rulers, bloodsheds for the throne, abandoned faith, mismanagement of domestic economic and political matters, absence of updated foreign developments and other moral, ethical and social weaknesses were the major forces which contributed in the identity crisis of the Muslims of South Asia. In pre partition era where by Muslims of south Asia have lost their regime and British rule tighten the span of their social , cultural and political life. Actually they lost their rule just because of the ‘lost identity’. After a half century of submissive life they began to find the ‘lost identity’ and they succeeded. The second phase of identity crisis began very after the inception of Pakistan. The Shia/Sunni crisis at the time of partition was the first of all. But luckily at that time, the crisis was pragmatically resolved by Quaid-e-Azam, so it was buried in a hatchet at that time but later on it burst up from different grounds. The second case of identity crisis in the chronology is the crisis of East and West Pakistan. At the time of inception, Pakistan inherited East and West Pakistan with one and four provinces respectively. Population of East Pakistan alone was more than that of the total population of the four provinces of West Pakistan. The seeds of identity crisis were sown with the ‘language controversy’, where by Urdu was declared as the national language of Pakistan while Urdu was the influencing language only in West Pakistan. This language controversy and some other strategies which lead to the deprived feelings among the natives of East Pakistan and the ultimate consequence was an identity crisis in the form of separation of East Pakistan in 1971. Not only the separation of East Pakistan but, a variety of identity crisis cases stood in the post partition era. The list contains delayed constitutional development, unstable political conditions (due to personal likes and dislikes and lust of power), Social injustice and negative image of Pakistan on international screen. Constitution is the base of any new born state but in case of Pakistan this base couldn’t be established even after about a decade of the inception of Pakistan. So when there was no base for people, the process of identity development started very late. Latterly the termination of 1956’s and 1962’s constitutions fulfilled the remaining part of delayed identity development. All these factors further participated in corruption, national disharmony, rigid attitudes, misconceptions about the religion (partly the role played by ‘mullas’), blind practices on unnecessary customs and a list of moral dilemmas. The identity crisis after the partition threw Pakistan in an ignominious status both at domestic and at international arena. Domestically we couldn’t achieve the social status which we’ve dreamt during the Pakistan movement. Economically we stood at the back end of the global economic stage. And above all we were entitled as a ‘terrorist state’ due to some mismanaged and scattered groups. Even some of them really didn’t have the basic knowledge of their ideological agenda. In present day Pakistan, the situation is more hazardous than that of one discussed in the previous phase. Today’s identity crisis is ‘giant’ in nature aiming to nip our ideology form the bud. Now with changing global environment and with the changing role of Pakistan at international level, the nature of identity crisis has become more complex. The present day crisis may be classified as political, social religious and economic identity crisis. The social and religious crisis work in collaboration. On the religious part, the extremist group has developed misconceptions about the religion. On the other hand the society is facing the ‘cultural war’ through different media. In such a situation the nation, preferably the youth has contradictions with religious implications which is making them unaware of their ideological basis. In the second step the attractive evil (the weapon of cultural war) is becoming dominant. So the nation’s ideological basis is being deployed by the prevailing circumstances, creating identity crisis. In this case we can’t blame the young mind (as he’s not getting the proper guideline and he has not been trained in such a way that he can find the roots the purpose of his existence, secondly the so called knowledge of religion he gets is not authentic). The second type of present day identity crisis in Pakistan is political in nature. In fact our political system has always been ruled by reigns in hands of few influencing groups. No such political platforms were built for the coming generations, to ensure their participation in national or international affairs. It is very necessary to train the youth for the participation in national affairs because they are the people who have to run the country in the future. Unluckily our youth didn’t get any such training at any stage of our 59 years history. The ultimate result was that, the administrators belonged to a specific group, making others so annoyed that others even don’t care to have a look at the mismanagement. This imbalance in the political infrastructure restricted the educated youth to participate in the national policies and ultimately the process of policy making enjoyed the influence of un-educated and narrow minded policy makers, who couldn’t devise the identity goals of the nation till yet. At international political arena we are still facing the vicious circle of ‘terrorism’. Even our government ensured Pakistan’s contribution in the ‘war against terrorism’, but being an Islamic state we become the suspect of any international terrorist act. Here the policy of state is ambiguous, which aims to satisfy the western world but the integration of Muslim world is not to be seen any where. In my opinion we don’t know that where we are standing right now, where we have to go and where we are going? On the part of economy, no doubt our economy grew with in last half decade but only at macro level. The poor is still standing on the place where he was a decade ago. Increasing Unemployment, inflation, and poverty etc are not only contributing in social imbalances but because of these factors, a common man is not able to find the basis of his identity. The identity of a nation is its image, and our image today is ‘a tree whose roots have been cut’. This situation is actually showing our lost identity. We have become much concerned about our outer look but we have forgotten the basis on which we have to develop our inner self. If this process keeps on going with the same velocity, the time is not far when the existence of our identity will vanish. It is very crucial to have a breach of the peace against identity crisis. In this regard the most important step is identity education. The identity education should be provided at educational institutions as well as in temporarily organized seminars (seminars should be accessible for general public). Identity education will not work till we present a difference between different cultures. Media censorship should also be there in order to lessen the possible damages of cultural war. Media should also spread the knowledge of values among the common men. And last but not least we all should play our part to improve our religious image at international level. In this connection we can spread the true essence of our religion which is peace.

Equity and trust law assignment, The WritePass Journal

Equity and trust law assignment, Question 1 Equity and trust law assignment, ). Pearce. R and Stevens. J, The Law of Trusts and Equitable Obligations, OUP Oxford, 4th Edition, (2006 Cases Armitage v Nurse [1998] Ch 241, 251 Bahin v Hughes [1886] LR 31 Chd 390 Cowan v Scargill [1985] Ch 270 Green v Ontario   [1973] 2 OR 396 DKLR Holdings Co (No 2) P/L v Commissioner of Stamp Duties (1980) 1 NSWLR 510 Kirby v Wilkins [1929] Ch 444 Knight v Knight (1840) 3 Beav 148 McPhail v Doulton [1970] 2 All ER 228 MacJordan Construction Ltd v Brookmart Erostin Ltd [1992] BCLC 350 Morice v Bishop of Durham (1804) 9 Ves Jr 399 Nocton v Lord Ashburn [1914] AC 932 Re Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 2) [1972] 2 All ER 1304 Re Erskine 1948 Trust; Gregg and Another v Pigott and Others [2012] 3 All ER 532 Re London Wine Co (Shippers) Ltd [1986] PCC 121 Re Rose [1952] Ch 499 Re Smith [1896]   1 Ch 71 Re Vickery [1931] 1 Ch 572 Revenue and Customs Commissioners v Trustees of the Peter Clay Discretionary Trust [2007] EWHC 2661 (Ch) Saunders v Vautier (1841) EWHC Ch J82 Speight v Gaunt (1883) 9 App Cas 1 Target Holdings v Redferns [1996] 3 WLR 352

Biography of Douglas MacArthur, 5-Star American General

Biography of Douglas MacArthur, 5-Star American General Douglas MacArthur (January 26, 1880–April 5, 1964) was a soldier in World War I, the senior commander in the Pacific theater during World War II, and the Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Command during the Korean War. He retired as a highly-decorated five-star general, although fairly ignominiously relieved of his duty by President Harry S. Truman on April 11, 1951. Fast Facts: Douglas MacArthur Known For: American 5-Star General, United States military leader in World War II and Korean WarBorn: January 26, 1880 in Little Rock, ArkansasParents: Captain Arthur MacArthur, Jr. and Mary Pinkney HardyDied: April 5, 1964 at Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MarylandEducation: West Texas Military Academy, West Point.Published Works: Reminiscences, Duty, Honor, CountryAwards and Honors: Medal of Honor, Silver Star, Bronze Star, Distinguished Service Cross, many othersSpouse(s): Louise Cromwell Brooks (1922–1929); Jean Faircloth (1937–1962)Children: Arthur MacArthur IVNotable Quote: Old soldiers never die, they just fade away. Early Life The youngest of three sons, Douglas MacArthur was born at Little Rock, Arkansas, on January 26, 1880. His parents were then-Captain Arthur MacArthur, Jr. (who had served in the Civil War on the Union side) and his wife Mary Pinkney Hardy. Douglas spent much of his early life moving around the American West as his fathers postings changed. Learning to ride and shoot at an early age, MacArthur received his early education at the Force Public School in Washington, D.C. and later at the West Texas Military Academy. Eager to follow in his father into the military, MacArthur began seeking an appointment to West Point. After two attempts by his father and grandfather to secure a presidential appointment failed, he passed an appointment examine offered by Representative Theobald Otjen. West Point Entering West Point in 1899, MacArthur and Ulysses Grant III became the subjects of intense hazing as the sons of high-ranking officers and for the fact that their mothers were lodging at the nearby Cranys Hotel. Though called before a Congressional committee on hazing, MacArthur downplayed his own experiences rather than implicate other cadets. The hearing resulted in Congress banning hazing of any sort in 1901. An outstanding student, he held several leadership positions within the Corps of Cadets including First Captain in his final year at the academy. Graduating in 1903, MacArthur ranked first in his 93-man class. Upon leaving West Point, he was commissioned as a second lieutenant and assigned to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Early Career Ordered to the Philippines, MacArthur supervised several construction projects in the islands. After brief service as Chief Engineer for the Division of the Pacific in 1905, he accompanied his father, now a major general, on a tour of the Far East and India. Attending the Engineer School in 1906, he moved through several domestic engineering posts before being promoted to captain in 1911. Following the sudden death of his father in 1912, MacArthur requested a transfer to Washington, D.C. to aid in caring for his ailing mother. This was granted and he was posted to the Office of the Chief of Staff. In early 1914, following heightened tensions with Mexico, President Woodrow Wilson directed U.S. forces to occupy Veracruz. Dispatched south as part of a headquarters staff, MacArthur arrived on May 1. Finding that an advance from the city would require the use of a railroad, he set out with a small party to locate locomotives. Finding several in Alvarado, MacArthur and his men were forced to fight their way back to the American lines. Successfully delivering the locomotives, his name was put forward by Chief of Staff Major General Leonard Wood for the Medal of Honor. Though the commander in Veracruz, Brigadier General Frederick Funston, recommended the award, the board tasked with making the determination declined to issue the medal citing that the operation had occurred without the knowledge of the commanding general. They also cited concerns that making the award would encourage staff officers in the future to conduct operations without alerting their superiors. World War I Returning to Washington, MacArthur received a promotion to major on December 11, 1915, and the following year was assigned to the Office of Information. With the U.S. entry into World War I in April 1917, MacArthur helped form the 42nd Rainbow Division from existing National Guard units. Intended to build morale, the units of the 42nd were intentionally drawn from as many states as possible. In discussing the concept, MacArthur commented that the membership in the division will stretch over the whole country like a rainbow. With the formation of the 42nd Division, MacArthur was promoted to colonel and made its chief of staff. Sailing for France with the division in October 1917, he earned his first Silver Star when he accompanied a French trench raid the following February. On March 9, MacArthur joined a trench raid conducted by the 42nd. Moving forward with the 168th Infantry Regiment, his leadership earned him a Distinguished Service Cross. On June 26, 1918, MacArthur was promoted to brigadier general becoming the youngest general in the American Expeditionary Force. During the Second Battle of the Marne that July and August, he earned three more Silver Stars and was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade. Taking part in the Battle of Saint-Mihiel in September, MacArthur was awarded two additional Silver Stars for his leadership during the battle and subsequent operations. Shifted north, the 42nd Division joined the Meuse-Argonne Offensive in mid-October. Attacking near Chà ¢tillon, MacArthur was wounded while scouting a gap in the German barbed wire. Though again nominated for the Medal of Honor for his part in the action, he was denied a second time and instead awarded a second Distinguished Service Cross. Quickly recovering, MacArthur led his brigade through the final campaigns of the war. After briefly commanding the 42nd Division, he saw occupation duty in the Rhineland before returning to the United States in April 1919. West Point While the majority of U.S. Army officers were returned to their peacetime ranks, MacArthur was able to retain his wartime rank of brigadier general by accepting an appointment as Superintendent of West Point. Directed to reform the schools aging academic program, he took over in June 1919. Remaining in the position until 1922, he made great strides in modernizing the academic course, reducing hazing, formalizing the honor code, and increasing the athletic program. Though many of his changes were resisted, they ultimately were accepted. Marriage and Family Douglas MacArthur married twice. His first wife was Henriette Louise Cromwell Brooks, a divorcee and flapper who liked gin, jazz, and the stock market, none of which suited MacArthur. They were married on February 14, 1922, separated in 1925, and divorced on June 18, 1929. He met Jean Marie Faircloth in 1935, and despite that Douglas was 19 years older than she was, they married on April 30, 1937. They had one son, Arthur MacArthur IV, born in Manila in 1938. Peacetime Assignments Leaving the academy in October 1922, MacArthur took command of the Military District of Manila. During his time in the Philippines, he befriended several influential Filipinos, such as Manuel L. Quezon, and sought to reform the military establishment in the islands. On January 17, 1925, he was promoted to major general. After brief service in Atlanta, he moved north in 1925 to take command of III Corps Area with his headquarters at Baltimore, Maryland. While overseeing III Corps, he was compelled to serve on the court-martial of Brigadier General Billy Mitchell. The youngest on the panel, he claimed to have voted to acquit the aviation pioneer and called the requirement to serve one of the most distasteful orders I ever received. Chief of Staff After another two-year assignment in the Philippines, MacArthur returned to the United States in 1930 and briefly commanded IX Corps Area in San Francisco. Despite his relatively young age, his name was put forward for the position of Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army. Approved, he was sworn in that November. As the Great Depression worsened, MacArthur fought to prevent crippling cuts in the Armys manpower- although he was ultimately forced to close more than 50 bases. In addition to working to modernize and update the Armys war plans, he concluded the MacArthur-Pratt agreement with the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral William V. Pratt, which helped define each services responsibilities in regard to aviation. One of the best-known generals in the U.S. Army, MacArthurs reputation suffered in 1932 when President Herbert Hoover ordered him to clear the Bonus Army from an encampment at Anacostia Flats. Veterans from World War I, the Bonus Army marchers were seeking early payment of their military bonuses. Against the advice of his aide, Major Dwight D. Eisenhower, MacArthur accompanied the troops as they drove off the marchers and burned their camp. Though political opposites, MacArthur had his term as Chief of Staff extended by the newly-elected President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Under MacArthurs leadership, the U.S. Army played a key role in overseeing the Civilian Conservation Corps. Back to the Philippines Completing his time as Chief of Staff in late 1935, MacArthur was invited by now-President of the Philippines Manuel Quezon to oversee the formation of the Philippine Army. Made a field marshal of the Commonwealth of the Philippines he remained in the U.S. Army as the Military Advisor to the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines. Arriving, MacArthur and Eisenhower were forced to essentially start from scratch while using cast off and obsolete American equipment. Relentlessly lobbying for more money and equipment, his calls were largely ignored in Washington. In 1937, MacArthur retired from the U.S. Army but remained in place as an advisor to Quezon. Two years later, Eisenhower returned to the United States and was replaced by Lieutenant Colonel Richard Sutherland as MacArthurs chief of staff. World War II Begins With tensions with Japan growing, Roosevelt recalled MacArthur to active duty as commander, U.S. Army Forces in the Far East in July 1941 and federalized the Philippine Army. In an attempt to bolster the Philippines defenses, additional troops and material were dispatched later that year. At 3:30 a.m. on December 8, MacArthur learned of the attack on Pearl Harbor. Around 12:30 p.m., much of MacArthurs air force was destroyed when the Japanese struck Clark and Iba Fields outside Manila. When the Japanese landed at Lingayen Gulf on December 21, MacArthurs forces attempted to slow their advance but to no avail. Implementing prewar plans, Allied forces withdrew from Manila and formed a defensive line on the Bataan Peninsula. As fighting raged on Bataan, MacArthur established his headquarters on the fortress island of Corregidor in Manila Bay. Directing the fighting from an underground tunnel on Corregidor, he was derisively nicknamed Dugout Doug. As the situation on Bataan deteriorated, MacArthur received orders from Roosevelt to leave the Philippines and escape to Australia. Initially refusing, he was convinced by Sutherland to go. Departing Corregidor on the night of March 12, 1942, MacArthur and his family traveled by PT boat and B-17 before reaching Darwin, Australia five days later. Traveling south, he famously broadcast to the people of the Philippines that I shall return. For his defense of the Philippines, Chief of Staff General George C. Marshall had MacArthur awarded the Medal of Honor. New Guinea Appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Forces in the Southwest Pacific Area on April 18, MacArthur established his headquarters first at Melbourne and then at Brisbane, Australia. Largely served by his staff from the Philippines, dubbed the Bataan Gang, MacArthur began planning operations against the Japanese on New Guinea. Initially commanding largely Australian forces, MacArthur oversaw successful operations at Milne Bay, Buna-Gona, and Wau in 1942 and early 1943. Following a victory at the Battle of the Bismarck Sea in March 1943, MacArthur planned a major offensive against the Japanese bases at Salamaua and Lae. This attack was to be part of Operation Cartwheel, an Allied strategy for isolating the Japanese base at Rabaul. Moving forward in April 1943, Allied forces captured both towns by mid-September. Later operations saw MacArthurs troops land at Hollandia and Aitape in April 1944. While fighting continued on New Guinea for the rest of the war, it became a secondary theater as MacArthur and SWPA shifted its attention to planning the invasion of the Philippines. Return to the Philippines Meeting with President Roosevelt and Admiral Chester W. Nimitz, Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas, in mid-1944, MacArthur outlined his ideas for liberating the Philippines. Operations in the Philippines commenced on October 20, 1944, when MacArthur oversaw Allied landings on the island of Leyte. Coming ashore, he announced, People of the Philippines: I have returned. While Admiral William Bull Halsey and Allied naval forces fought the Battle of Leyte Gulf (October 23-26), MacArthur found the campaign ashore slow going. Battling heavy monsoons, Allied troops fought on Leyte until the end of the year. In early December, MacArthur directed the invasion of Mindoro, which was quickly occupied by Allied forces. On December 18, 1944, MacArthur was promoted to General of the Army. This occurred one day before Nimitz was raised to Fleet Admiral, making MacArthur the senior commander in the Pacific. Pressing forward, he opened the invasion of Luzon on January 9, 1945, by landing elements of the Sixth Army at Lingayen Gulf. Driving southeast toward Manila, MacArthur supported the Sixth Army with landings by the Eighth Army to the south. Reaching the capital, the Battle for Manila began in early February and lasted until March 3. For his part in liberating Manila, MacArthur was awarded a third Distinguished Service Cross. Though fighting continued on Luzon, MacArthur began operations to liberate the southern Philippines in February. Between February and July, 52 landings took place as Eighth Army forces moved through the archipelago. To the southwest, MacArthur commenced a campaign in May that saw his Australian forces attack Japanese positions in Borneo. Occupation of Japan As planning commenced for the invasion of Japan, MacArthurs name was informally discussed as for the role of overall commander of the operation. This proved moot when Japan surrendered in August 1945 following the dropping of the atomic bombs and the Soviet Unions declaration of war. Following this action, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers (SCAP) in Japan on August 29 and charged with directing the occupation of the country. On September 2, 1945, MacArthur oversaw the signing of the instrument of surrender aboard USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay. Over the next four years, MacArthur and his staff worked to rebuild the country, reform its government, and implement large-scale business and land reforms. Handing over power to the new Japanese government in 1949, MacArthur remained in place in his military role. The Korean War On June 25, 1950, North Korea attacked South Korea beginning the Korean War. Immediately condemning the North Korean aggression, the new United Nations authorized a military force to be formed to aid South Korea. It also directed the U.S. government to select the forces commander-in-chief. Meeting, the Joint Chiefs of Staff unanimously chose to appoint MacArthur as Commander-in-Chief of the United Nations Command. Commanding from the Dai Ichi Life Insurance Building in Tokyo, he immediately began directing aid to South Korea and ordered Lieutenant General Walton Walkers Eighth Army to Korea. Pushed back by the North Koreans, the South Koreans and the lead elements of the Eighth Army were forced into a tight defensive position dubbed the Pusan Perimeter. As Walker was steadily reinforced, the crisis began to lessen and MacArthur began planning offensive operations against the North Koreans. With the bulk of the North Korean Army engaged around Pusan, MacArthur advocated for a daring amphibious strike on the peninsulas west coast at Inchon. This, he argued, would catch the enemy off guard, while landing UN troops close to the capital at Seoul and placing them in a position to cut the North Koreans supply lines. Many were initially skeptical of MacArthurs plan as Inchons harbor possessed a narrow approach channel, strong current, and wildly fluctuating tides. Moving forward on September 15, the landings at Inchon were a great success. Driving toward Seoul, UN troops captured the city on September 25. The landings, in conjunction with an offensive by Walker, sent the North Koreans reeling back over the 38th Parallel. As UN forces entered into North Korea, the Peoples Republic of China issued a warning that it would enter the war if MacArthurs troops reached the Yalu River. Meeting with President Harry S. Truman on Wake Island in October, MacArthur dismissed the Chinese threat and stated he hoped to have U.S. forces home by Christmas. In late October, Chinese forces flooded across the border and began driving UN troops south. Unable to halt the Chinese, UN troops were not able to stabilize the front until they had retreated south of Seoul. With his reputation tarnished, MacArthur directed a counter-offensive in early 1951 which saw Seoul liberated in March and UN troops again cross the 38th Parallel. Having publicly clashed with Truman over war policy earlier, MacArthur demanded that China admit defeat on March 24, preempting a White House ceasefire proposal. This was followed on April 5 by Representative Joseph Martin, Jr. revealing a letter from MacArthur that was highly critical of Trumans limited war approach to Korea. Meeting with his advisors, Truman relieved MacArthur on April 11 and replaced him with General Matthew Ridgway. Death and Legacy MacArthurs firing was met with a firestorm of controversy in the United States. Returning home, he was hailed as a hero and given ticker tape parades in San Francisco and New York. Between these events, he addressed Congress on April 19 and famously stated that old soldiers never die; they just fade away. Though a favorite for the 1952 Republican presidential nomination, MacArthur had no political aspirations. His popularity also fell slightly when a Congressional investigation backed Truman for firing him making him less a less attractive candidate. Retiring to New York City with his wife Jean, MacArthur worked in business and wrote his memoirs. Consulted by President John F. Kennedy in 1961, he warned against a military buildup in Vietnam. MacArthur died in Walter Reed National Military Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland on April 5, 1964, and, following a state funeral, was buried at the MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk, Virginia.

Jane Addams and the Hull House Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Jane Addams and the Hull House - Term Paper Example As a small child, Jane wanted to be a doctor but there were only two fields that were acceptable at the time for women: getting married and having children or becoming a schoolteacher. When Jane was eight, her father re-married. Her stepmother had a big influence on the Addam's girls in the area of arts. Jane received a lot of attention from her father and because of this she realized that her potential as a woman was not as limited as she thought. She entered into the Rockville Female Seminary in 1877. She was very popular among her classmates because of her ability to write and speak.1 Soon after she graduated, she became ill and depressed, but wasn't sure how to deal with it. In 1881, her father suddenly became ill and died. She enrolled in medical school, but after the first semester, she became ill again and was put in the hospital for an extended period of time. Her brother also took a turn for the worse and had a mental breakdown, which in turn was an emotional setback for her . After Jane and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr opened the Hull House; they started to realize how bad conditions were in Chicago. They would take care of children so mothers could work; children were made to work long hours, and many other things that opened their eyes. Because of how many people they helped, Addams went around to many different women's clubs, church groups, and college students to talk about settlement houses, social reform and the ways that these people could help Chicago and the nation.2 Addams gave up a lot, considering her background; to live in the slums of Chicago and to help people the way she did was amazing. During the 1890's, settlement houses became more and more popular.3 She was a leader in this movement because of her writings and her lectures. Addams became more involved in national concerns. The US was declaring war on Spain and because of that, violent crime rates went up in Chicago. Because of her works, her protests eventually reached Charles R. Crane, a close friend of President Woodrow Wilson. These are meant to try to help people get back on their feet. These houses provide a way for parents to get jobs and not have to worry bout their kids. Once they get a steady job and keep it, then they can try to work and take care of their kids. One example of this concept would be a foster home. A foster home takes kids into the home for as long as is needed. Sometimes the kids go to another home and sometimes they stay and are adopted. After Jane and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr opened the Hull House, they started to realize how bad conditions were in Chicago. They would take care of children so mothers could work; children were made to work long hours, and many other things that opened their eyes. Because of how many people they helped, Addams went around to many different women's clubs, church groups, and college students to talk about settlement houses, social reform and the ways that these people could help Chicago and the n ation.4 Addams gave up a lot, considering her background; to live in the slums of Chicago and to help people the way she did was amazing. During the 1890's, settlement houses became more and more popular. She was a leader in this movement because of her writings and her lectures. 5 Addams became mor

The Christian Symbols of Cross and the Body of Christ Essay - 6

The Christian Symbols of Cross and the Body of Christ - Essay Example God’s purpose for creating Adam was His desire to replicate Himself, reproduction of Himself and He implemented this in the Garden of Eden. Adam was God manifested in the flesh in the Garden of Eden. In Copeland’s teaching, it was a way to show that racism was not in Gods mind. Those disagreeing with this use the bible to militate against Copeland’s teaching. Adam was not God manifested in the flesh. Jesus was exceptional in this respect (John 1:14). Beyond that, Adam was undeniably subordinate to God (Copeland, audiotape #01-0304, side 1). Copeland alleged that Jesus became a demonic being on the cross: Copeland insists "Satan dominated Jesus on the Cross and took His spirit to the dark regions of hell Copeland's description of Christ's ordeal in the hell is nothing short of chilling. He (Jesus) allowed Himself to come under Satans control" (Copeland, audiotape #02-0017, side 2). Copeland stated that the physical death on the cross did not pay the price for sin and that anybody could do that. According to him all prophets that walked on earth guided by the Abrahamic covenant would have paid the price if it were for the physical death (Copeland, audiotape #02-0017, side 2). Those in disagreement with Copeland’s allegation say because of Jesus’ atoning sacrifice on the cross, people who have their faith and trust in Him (Jesus) alone for salvation are guaranteed endless life (John 3:16). However, Jesus called His disciples to take up their cross and follow Him "If any of you wants to be my follower, you must turn from your selfish ways, take up your cross, and follow Me."

The Microsoft as a Service Provider Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

The Microsoft as a Service Provider - Essay Example In this case, the nine states are responsible for regulating the operations of Microsoft, the reason why they have instituted a legal case against Microsoft for trying to undermine Linux, a scenario seen as likely to scuttle competition in the industry which is detrimental to economic growth. This also has negative effects with regards to promotion of competition in the industry. b) Basically, an ethical consideration specifically refers to something that is generally accepted as morally, socially and even economically good for various stakeholders that is the general population as a whole which is affected by the operations of a particular organization. In this regard, we would be looking at how the operations say of another company can impact on the welfare of different stakeholders who are either directly or indirectly involved in its operations. In the given case study, it can be clearly seen that the nine U.S. states are up in arms with the software giant, Microsoft as they have a court case against it for allegedly trying to undermine an open source operating system rival Linux. In the ongoing antitrust court case, the nine states are advocating tougher action against Microsoft which is seen as having violated its ethical code of conduct for trying to work underground in a bid to stifle the operating system developed by another different, rival software company. Ethically, there should be no company that should violate the operations of other different organizations. Therefore, by trying to stifle Linux, Microsoft would not be acting in a professional and ethical manner as expected by different stakeholders as this would discourage competition within the industry. This is clearly shown in the case where the nine states argue that the judge should take as evidence the memo by the executive of Microsoft.

Is Emotional Cheating As Serious?

Is Emotional Cheating As Serious? Cheating in marriages and relationships has been very rampant especially in the contemporary society. Many people have lost their marriage partners due to cheating either emotionally or sexually. People are usually less committed and satisfied in relationships when they get a feeling that their partners are cheating on them. Cheating or deceiving on ones partner is usually driven by less commitment in one relationship whereby some people may cheat as an attempt to get out of a relationship (Gunderson and Ferrari 2008 2). In most romantic relationships the most common type of cheating is the sexual cheating where someone practices sexual behavior outside a committed relationship. The other type of cheating that is highly practised in todays relationships is the emotional cheating where someone shows stronger emotional bonds with someone else outside a committed relationship. Over the recent past there has been heated debate on the impacts caused by either of the infidelity in relationships. Many people have diverse opinions on which of the two is more serious and more disastrous to a relationship. However there has been general consensus that both are capable of breaking relationships and that the seriousness of either of them will vary from one individual to the other (Gunderson and Ferrari 2008 3) Emotional cheating is betrayal of ones partner although its rarely seems like it since it does not involve a real affair like intimacy and sex. This type of cheating does not necessarily create unwanted pregnancies, break vows or infect diseases (Pawlik-Kienlen 2007). Emotional cheating is known as the type of cheating that cannot be easily detected since it has less rigid boundaries. According to Pawlik-Kienlen (2007), its much easier to tell when your partner is cheating sexually but its difficult to precisely tell the extent your emotional attachment with your partner or with any other person. Emotional affairs may encompass movie dates, innocent dinners and even short picnics which the involved individuals take as normal activities in life. The distinguishing feature of an emotional friendship from other normal friendships is the sharing of problems, intimate secrets and triumphs that may not be shared with any other person even their spouses. Long conversations over the phone are also main characteristics of these friendships. According to experts on these studies the main characteristic of an emotional affair is that mostly the involved individuals are absolutely unaware of their behaviour and that they rarely see themselves as being unfaithful (Jet 2004 15). The fact that these people may not practice sexual affairs makes them to perceive their relationships as normal friendship that should not hurt anyone although in actual sense its hurts sometimes even more than the physical or sexual cheating. Emotional cheating becomes more dangerous and hurting to a woman when she discovers that her partner has someone else whose personality he prefers than hers. This then brings her a feeling that she is no longer interesting to her partner and that she cannot satisfy his emotional needs. Some people argue that emotional cheating has more adverse impacts on relationships since emotional affairs simply mean that these people are not just after physical satisfaction (sex) but they actually love the other person which makes their relationship long term. According to (Pawlik-Kienlen 2007), this cheating takes away more from a marriage relationship because one takes to another person feelings that should be preserved for his or her spouse (Pawlik-Kienlen). Emotional affairs are also more difficult to end because of the feelings involved and can easily break marriages when one is caught between serious choices to make. Emotional cheating is found to stick around and mostly results to future p roblems. On the other hand problems from physical cheating can be easily resolved and forgotten since sometimes they occur mindlessly like when someone goes out and gets drunk. In such cases its easily understood that there are no emotional feelings and that there is no existing relationship between the two. Emotional cheating also encompasses Internet cheating which has taken its place in family conflicts and relationships breakage in the contemporary society (Parker and Wampler 2003 415). People are finding themselves logging more times into the internets to talk to specific people. This type of communication advancing and that men are feeling more pleasure and relieve when talking to these online partners than they do when talking to their spouses. This type of cheating illustrates a pure emotional cheating. In internet cheating the individuals involved may not have seen each other and therefore can not be influenced by the thought of sexual satisfaction. This is viewed as a classic sign of investing ones emotions in other people in stead of concentrating them to your spouse. Emotional cheating is found to more betraying to women than it is to men. According to Morrison 2009 2), when women are looking for marriage partners, they concentrate more on the emotional and intellectual qualities of a man as well as his ability to be a good father and provide for the family. On the other hand men focus more on the physical qualities of a woman in order to ensure that she is capable of producing offspring and satisfy his sexual desires. This implies that since women invest more on the emotional aspects of the relationship, emotional cheating is generally much hard for her to handle and therefore she may feel more betrayed. Physical and sexual cheating Sexual cheating is mostly regarded as the physical sexual intercourse with another person who is not your partner in marriage or in a relationship. It occurs when a partner who is in love with his or her spouse, gives in to his or her sexual desire with another person. According to Grello, Welsh and Harper (2006), this type of infidelity is usually driven by opportunity or situational circumstances, use of alcohol or other drugs and risk- taking behavior (Grello, Welsh and Harper 256). For partners in deep love, such cheating which is mostly unintended, brings so much guilt and regrets in them. This cheating may sometimes be as a result of hostile actions, immaturity or sexual addiction. Sexual cheating mostly does not involve emotion feelings between the partners as in emotional cheating. This type of cheating may not be so detrimental to women like the emotional cheating but its also very destructive to relationships. An activity would be regarded as sexual affair not according to the presence of physical contact but because of other aspects as well. Strip shows, telephone sex and viewing stripers or pornography are all actions done out of sexual fantasies. According to Allen Johnson (2006), people who watch pornography or attend strip clubs are usually engaging in sexual acts and thus if they are involved in relationships they are actually cheating (Allen Johnson 154). In sexual or physical cheating, when a man or a woman does sex outside the marriage, their partners starts doubting their bed skills and what their partners could be missing in them (Gunderson and Ferrari 2008 4).. The cheated partner may feel that he or she is not satisfying his or her partners sexual desires. This then makes them to be very conscious about their performance in bed which in turn makes them loose more their desire of having sex with their partners hence making the problem even worse. A partner cheats, the other partner refuses to have sex with the cheating partner making the cheating partner to cheat even more. Sexual cheating therefore causes a destructive circle which can completely ruin a marriage. However sexual cheating has different impacts to men from what it has to women. Since men concentrate more on the physical qualities of a woman physical cheating is therefore more hurting to them (Gunderson and Ferrari 2008 3). As the providers in the house men want to be given the maximum respect and attention that they deserve and that physical cheating is viewed as lack of respect and attention for them. Men view sexually cheating women as betrayers who are even a threat to their security. On the other hand men view themselves as naturally potentially polygamous and capable of dividing their emotions and attention to more than one woman. This belief therefore makes men to put more seriousness on the sexual or physical cheating than the emotional cheating. In this perspective, women in cultures where polygamous marriage is upheld will regard emotional cheating as more serious than sexual cheating. On the other hand this sexual cheating mostly involves sexual intercourse which can sometimes result to unwanted pregnancies, breakage of vows or may cause infection of some deadly sexually transmitted disease like HIV/AIDS (Buss and Shackelford 1997). This therefore makes this cheating more serious than the emotional cheating in cases where a spouse becomes pregnant or impregnates someone outside the marriage or when they contract serious infections like HIV/AIDS. Such cases are more serious and difficult to resolve hence they mostly end in marriage breakages. In case of such occurrences this cheating therefore can result to guilt and depression which may end up to mental disorders. For many individuals emotional affairs is a great source of comfort and relief in times of relationship problems and misunderstandings (Gunderson and Ferrari 2008 1). However these affairs encompass some share of intimate emotions between individuals and when these emotions are invested regularly on someone outside the marriage the marriage relationship is usually compromised. Emotional relationship starts as normal relationship and then deepens through regular contact numerous mail messages and discussions. With time there develops excitement and ease in hearing from the other person. Emotional cheating is known to involve a lot of talking though it may occasionally lead to sex which then makes it like sexual cheating. However although the sex between these people may be passionate, their relationship is primarily driven by the feeling of emotional safety and companionship. The danger of emotional infidelity become worse when the door of emotional intimacy is opened and deepens the bond making the person in the emotional affair to start comparing between his or her spouse and the partner in the emotional affair (Parker and Wampler 2003 416). Sometimes one may argue that its easier to talk to his or her partner in emotional affair than it is to talk to his or her spouse. Other times your spouse may not seem to be listening and understanding to you like the other partner. Other times one may feel safe and comfortable when in the company of their partner in emotional affair than they do when in the company of their spouses. However its clear from our discussion that emotional cheating may result to physical cheating. Similarly the effect of either of the cheating may vary from one person to the other and therefore their seriousness is subjective. Conclusion Cheating in relationships is usually carried out in many different ways. The most common is the sexual cheating whereby research has shown most men usually have no emotional feelings for the woman and that they only show interest in the woman so as to get their sexual satisfaction and excitement. The other type of cheating is emotional cheating. Here men usually find themselves emotionally connected with other women besides their wives or girl friends and sex is not usually given the first priority. A man finds himself enjoying the company of this other woman more than he does for his own wife and they prefer spending their spare time with them (Morrison 2009 1). According to a recent study conducted on emotional and physical cheating, 75% of women admitted that emotional cheating is more hurting than sexual cheating (Morrison 2009 1). On the other hand most of the interviewed women also admitted that its difficult to separate the two types of cheating since both would influence their feelings for their partners. Which way looks at it any type of cheating, whether emotional or physical ends up in ruining a relationship (Morrison 2009 1). Normally when one partner cheats on the other in a relationship, trust between them is lost and chances of regaining this trust is usually very minimal. Everyone who is in a relationship or has been in a relationship does not need to be lectured on what cheating either physical or emotional can do. Experts say that one cannot be emotionally involved outside marriage and still expect things to function normally in his relationship at home. Whether the relationship does involve intimacy and sex or not it can be destructive to marriage relationships. According to Jet 2009 7 out of 10 emotional affairs result to physical or sexual affairs at the long run (Jet 7). This therefore implies that both emotional and physical cheating are interconnected and that its difficult to prefer one over the other. Sharing thoughts, problems and feelings as it happens in emotional intimacy is just like making love to one anothers mind before actually making love to their body. In other words verbal intimacy is just one step away from physical or sexual intimacy. Annotated bibliography Gunderson, Patrick and Ferrari, Joseph. R. Forgiveness of sexual cheating in romantic relationships: effects of discovery method, Frequency of Offence, and presence of Apology North American journal of Psychology, 2008, vol. 10 pp. 1-14 This article talks about the seriousness of emotional and physical sex as compared between male and female college students. The article gives discussions as got from interviews with college students about the infidelities and their ease of being forgiven. This article has helped in finding out that sexual cheating is more hurting or more serious to men as compared to emotional cheating. In the article we also find that its easier for women to forgive sexual infidelity than it is for men. Here some reasons of cheating like poor commitment in relationships are also revealed. Grello, Catherine. M, Welsh, Deborah. P and Harper, Melinda. S. No strings Attached: the nature of casual sex in college students: The journal sex research vol. 43 no.3 August 2006 p.255-267 This article talks about circumstances linked to physical cheating among peers. It also informs on the dangers of both types of cheating. By the help of this article in the journal of sex research, the research finds that immaturity, use of drugs and risky behaviours are some of the causes of infidelity especially among college students. In the article the consequences of after sex are also discussed. Pawlik-Kienlen, Laurie. What is Emotional Cheating? Jun 21, 2007 (http://psychology.suite101.com/article.cfm/emotional_cheating) This website describes what is emotional and physical cheating and how they start. In this page the characteristics of emotional cheating are discussed. From this article the research finds out the dangers of emotional infidelity and how they can cause long term problems in marriages. The site helps to disclose why women are more affected by emotional cheating than men. Morrison, Julia Emotional Or Sexual Cheating: Which Is Worse? Womens Sexuality Correspondent every other Tuesday (http://www.askmen.com/dating/vanessa_100/122_love_secrets.html) This website article compares the seriousness of emotional and sexual cheating and how they can easily break marriages. In this article the examples of emotional cheating are discussed. The mens emotional involvement in sexual infidelity is also discussed in this page. From this website the research finds that emotional cheating cannot be easily identified and that it can be long term due to the emotional connection. The article also helps the research to conclude that both emotional and physical cheating can ruin relationships and that the seriousness of either will vary from on person to the other. Jet magazine Vol. 105, No. 2124 May 2004 Johnson Publishing Company 64 pages (http://books.google.co.ke/books?id=Dr4DAAAAMBAJpg=PA15dq=Is+emotional+cheating+as+serious+as+physical+and+sexual+cheating%3Fsource=gbs_toc_rcad=1#v=onepageq=f=false) This magazine evaluates the ideas of different people on emotional cheating. Ignorance of people in emotional relationships is also discussed. From this magazine the research reveals that people in emotional cheating view themselves and doing no mistake since they dont venture into sexual affairs Parker, Trent. S and Wampler, Karen S How Bad Is It? Perceptions of the Relationship: journal of Contemporary Family Therapy, New Jersey: Springer Volume 25, Number 4 / December, 2003 Pages 415-429 This journal discus the various types of cheating. The article talks of internet cheating which an example of emotional cheating. From the article its found that internet cheating can also ruin marriages. The article helps the research in unveiling that watching stripers and pornographic material is just like engaging into sexual affairs outside marriage and that those engaged in such activities are actually cheating. Buss, David M Shackelford, Todd K Susceptibility to Infidelity in the First Year of Marriage Journal of Research in Personality Volume 31, Issue 2, June 1997, Pages 193-221 Academic Press. This article talks about the consequences of cheating and how they affect families. The book gives results of a study carried out among 107 married couples on the possible signs of cheating among their spouses. From the article the research finds the dangers of sexual cheating like contracting of serious diseases like HIV/AIDS which could make relationships problems more difficult to solve. Allen, Johnson. S Physical abusers and sexual offenders: forensic and clinical strategies CRC Press. 2006. This book evaluates the emotional, physical and sexual cheating are their various forms. The book helps the research to conclude that all types of cheating are detrimental to relationships. From the book we are able to argue that emotional sex is interconnected with the physical sex and that its difficult to prefer one over the other.