11 Circle Expressions

11 Circle Expressions 11 Circle Expressions 11 Circle Expressions By Maeve Maddox A circle is an entirely round plane figure. The way that a circle might be attracted from start to finish without a break makes it an incredible image. The word hover happens in numerous English figures of speech, frequently as an image of completeness or redundancy. 1. the hover of life: the pattern of proliferation and endurance, from birth to death. 2. hover of hellfire: a position of discipline in life following death, from The Inferno. Dante depicts nine circles or regions in which spirits are rebuffed by the idea of their transgressions. 3. family circle: a dramatic term to portray the seating region farthest from the stage (otherwise known as â€Å"upper circle†). When all is said in done use, family hover alludes to a person’s nearest relatives. The word circle can allude to any private gathering of companions. The articulation â€Å"inner circle† alludes to a little powerful gathering of individuals who run things in legislative issues, business, or something like that. 4. endless loop: in rationale, an endless loop results when a bogus reason is trailed by a genuine reason. As a rule utilization, an endless loop alludes to a circumstance where no advancement or improvement can be made. Now and then the articulation â€Å"vicious cycle† is utilized. 5. to totally dominate: to outperform with little exertion. Comparable term: â€Å"to run rings round.† 6. to end up at ground zero: to finish a progression of occasions; to return to one’s beginning spot. 7. to go around and around: to rehash a similar activity without showing up at the ideal spot. 8. to square the hover: to endeavor the outlandish. Different articulations draw on the action word circle, â€Å"to put a hover around something† or â€Å"to move in a roundabout direction.† 9. to circle the channel: to be in transit out. The picture is that of the remainder of the water depleting from a bath. 10. to circle the subject: to abstain from saying anything explicit regarding a subject of conversation. 11. to circle the carts: to take a cautious position. The picture is that of relocating American pioneers organizing their carts around as a blockade against assaulting Indians. Note: The articulation â€Å"to circle the wagons† is seen every now and again in features and in articles about financial aspects. The market analysts appear to see the American economy â€Å"as a fortification, a hover of carts, asâ it were, that can be promptly characterized and defended† (Robert Reno, Newsday). Contemporary American Indians regularly discover this articulation hostile. Here are a few instances of these articulations accumulated from the Web: Raising Backyard Chickens to Teach Children the Circle of Life In the event that the way to distribution is involved all the circles of heck, the primary circle, I am letting you know, is the â€Å"not directly for me† or â€Å"didn’t interface with the voice† circle. Our earnest contemplations and petitions are with the Paisley family and the more extensive family circle. The conditions exist for an endless loop including casting a ballot and urban obligation, whereby nonvoters decline their confidence in the significance of casting a ballot and consequently become more averse to cast a ballot in future races. Beam Allen Running Circles Around Garnett, Pierce, Nets up until this point Fifteen years prior, Ana Patricia Botã ­n was pushed out of her senior employment at Banco Santanderâ â by the banks director, who likewise happened to be her dad. On Wednesday, Ms. Botã ­ns profession ended up at ground zero, with her being named chairmanâ after her dads unexpected passing. To be reasonable and to bring the story round trip, a considerable lot of Browns achievements had their starting points in Browns organizations during the 1970s and mid 80s.â Washington state goes around and around over automaton guidelines. Benefits and Social Care for the Elderly: Trying to Square the Circle Orbiting the Drain: Can the Euro Be Saved, Or Is It Doomed? There’s been a great deal of talk this year about web based learning at Concordia. Leading body of Governors and Senate gatherings continue orbiting the subject. US speculators circle the carts, trust Fed rides to safeguard Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions classification, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Inquire versus EnquireThat versus WhichWords Often Misspelled Because of Double Letters

Statute and State Law Relationship Essay Example

Resolution and State Law Relationship Essay Example Resolution and State Law Relationship Essay Resolution and State Law Relationship Essay For this situation the business terminated a lady distribution center representative who was a substantial hardware administrator. She had been censured in the past for disciplinary issues and had even been suspended. After she had a physical battle with a representative she was ended. After end she recorded a suit under Title VII asserting that she was explicitly oppressed and was explicitly hassled. The preliminary court didn't permit the inappropriate behavior case to continue yet the sexual segregation guarantee was permitted to continue to preliminary. At the preliminary, she introduced incidental proof demonstrating that she was followed by her boss, restrained more seriously than guys, her disciplinary reports were stacked, she was victimized as for extra time assignments and administrators utilized sex-based slurs against her.This was a blended rationale case in which both poor employment execution and sex segregation reasons had prompted her dismissal.The guideline deciphere d for this situation was that before this judgment in separation cases affection hypothesis cases were permitted to continue without direct proof. In appearance hypothesis cases conditional proof was permitted, yet in blended rationale hypothesis direct proof was required. That is the worker needed to appear by direct proof that sexual segregation was the fundamental rousing variable in her dismissal.However, in the Desert Palace case the U.S. Incomparable Court collectively held that a worker asserting a blended intention hypothesis of segregation under Title VII doesn't have to give direct proof of separation (Smith S. 2003). At the end of the day incidental proof was admissible.This case has affected the business condition since now regardless of whether a lady isn't performing sufficient at work, bosses are encouraged to cease from explicitly oppressing her.Reference:Smith S. (2003) The Death of Summary Judgment. Recovered on October 25, 2006 From: http://hennepin.timberlakepubl ishing.com/article.asp?article=764paper=1cat=147

Lets Celebrate Science Fiction Day

Lets Celebrate Science Fiction Day Why Do We Celebrate Science Fiction Day? Home›Tips for Students›Why Do We Celebrate Science Fiction Day? Tips for StudentsScience Fiction Day is a very unique eventThis Day has been marked on every fan’s calendar for the last few years. Even though it is not recognized by any government, it is a day that a true science fiction fan can’t miss. Some people even dress up and try to look like their favorite superheroes. Believe it or not, Science Fiction Day is celebrated not only in the United States, but also around the world.How has it all started? What are the roots of this non-official holiday?These questions are going to be answered further:  The History of Science Fiction DayThe date we celebrate Science Fiction Day is the 2nd of January, the birth date of Isaac Asimov, a famous science fiction writer. Asimov has written more than 500 books among which are the “Foundation Trilogy” and “Nightfall.” Originally being a biochemist, Isaac Asimov became a master of scie nce fiction successfully combining history, mathematical statistics and sociology in his books.The Peculiarities of Celebrating Science Fiction DayIn order to show appreciation to Science Fiction Day, fans tend to read science fiction books or have a movie marathon. Not only is Asimov valued, but also Kurt Vonnegut, Philip K. Dick, Stanley Kubrick, Garth Jennings, and Ridley Scott. No matter what book or film you choose, it will be a great way to pay homage to this day.Science Fiction Day is the time to appreciate every science fiction author for creating unforgettable characters and helping us to be a part of their worlds. Be sure to pay special attention to your favorite author on this day.

Theme 1 Legislation. The Irish Constitution Enshrines

Theme 1: Legislation The Irish Constitution enshrines a guarantee of equality before the law. Article 40.1 states that ‘all citizens shall, as human persons, be held equal before the law’. Under the Constitution, every child has a protected right to education regardless of their needs or ability. The right to education goes beyond academic achievement to the development of the child’s personality, talents and abilities to their fullest potential and providing them with the tools to live a full and responsible life within society. The State must ensure that children with disabilities have equal opportunities to participate fully in education through the removal of barriers that impede the realisation of their rights. International†¦show more content†¦However, the landmark report by the Special Education Review Committee (SERC) (1993) recommended that a continuum of educational provision be established to facilitate the full-time placement of SEN students in mainstream schools with the allocation of additional support, favouring â€Å"as much integration as is appropriate and feasible with as little segregation as is necessary†. The White Paper on Education (1995) subsequently proposed that â€Å"all students regardless of their personal circumstances have the right of access and participation in the educational system according to their potential and ability.† The ideals of the Salamanca Statement have been enshrined in The Education Act 1998 which ensures the right of all children to an equal education. Section 6(c) of the Act, guarantees equality of access to, and participation in education for every child, including those with disabilities. Under Section 21, educational establishments are required to develop a school plan. The Board of Management must regularly review and update this plan setting out the measures that the school intends to take to achieve equality of access and participation in the school by students with disabilities. Boards of Management must publish the school policy on the education of students with SEN, including details on enrolment, admission and participation, arrangements for the identification of students with SEN, and how they can be provided for within the school system. TheyShow MoreRelatedA Basic Understanding Of Irish Law3020 Words   |  13 PagesTo address this question, a basic understanding of Irish law with all its complexities and contradictions is necessary. Irish law lays the foundations for all aspects of life within Irish society and just as society itself is constantly evolving, so too is Irish law as it is being constantly updated, reviewed and amended to keep up with the times and a modernising society. This essay will focus solely on the education sector and the respective underpinning principals which guide, direct and influenceRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages978-0-273-68774-0 ISBN-10: 0-273-68774-3 1. Organizational sociology. I. Duberley, Joanne. II. Johnson, Phil, 1955III. Title. HM786.M33 2007 302.3’5—dc22 2006022347 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 10 09 08 07 06 Typeset in 10/12.5 pt sabon by 72 Printed by Ashford Colour Press Ltd., Gosport The publisher’s policy is to use paper manufactured from sustainable forests. . Brief Contents Preface List of figures List of tables Acknowledgements xiii xvii xix xx 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Introducing organization

How Is Napoleon s Tyranny The Same As Jones - 1107 Words

Animal Farm Essay Outline Topic Question How is Napoleon’s tyranny the same as Jones’? Introduction The antagonist of the book ‘Animal Farm’, Napoleon was highly emphasized for his cruel tactics that he upheld against his fellow animals. He tortured and tormented them giving himself the title of a cruel leader. This sense of tyranny is why he resembles Mr.Jones the previous owner of Manor Farm. Similar to Mr.Jones, Napoleon has created a caste system in which he is the â€Å"farmer† and the rest of the animals are his â€Å"slaves†, he has shown that he only uses the animals for his own monetary gain, and that he uses fear and propaganda to control the rest of the animals. In this essay I will compare and contrast the two individuals. Paragraph 1: Topic Sentence Napoleon upheld a sense of hierarchy in terms of the farm animals and their social rank. The pigs for example were ranked higher than the other animals with this informal segregation, Napoleon devised his own personal caste system. Sub point: This hierarchy is visible when the pigs change the seventh commandment to all the animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others. Proof/Quote: â€Å"All the animals are equal but some animals are more equal than others. After that it did not seem strange when next day the pigs who were supervising the farm all carried whips in their trotters. (Orwell 90) Analysis: As exhibited in this quote Napoleon and the pigs have changed the last commandment to benefit them. They can nowShow MoreRelated Symbolism and Interpretation in Animal Farm Essay808 Words   |  4 Pagesfictional characters, events, and items from the film ANIMAL FARM, and the real-life counterparts they appear to represent. Consider how each character could also be interpreted to have a larger, broader meaning. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEditorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director o f Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Art Director: Kenny Beck TextRead MorePropaganda by Edward L Bernays34079 Words   |  137 Pagesmillion—who understand the mental processes and social patterns of the masses. It is they who pull the wires which control the public mind, who harness old social forces and contrive new ways to bind and guide the world. It is not usually realized how necessary these invisible governors are to the orderly functioning of our group life. In theory, every citizen may vote for whom he pleases. Our Constitution does not envisage political parties as part of the mechanism of government, and its framers

Survivor Philippines †an Analysis Using Communication Theory Free Essays

â€Å"SURVIVOR: PHILIPPINES†: An Analysis of the CBS Program Using Three Theories of Communication Sally Annabella Communications 307 Dr. Debbie Way November 2012 No one has died. Some have been medevacked. We will write a custom essay sample on Survivor: Philippines – an Analysis Using Communication Theory or any similar topic only for you Order Now It’s a rough game. The CBS television series Survivor is one of the first ‘reality tv’ shows and is now in its 12th year. It features eighteen contestants striving to â€Å"Outwit, Outplay and Outlast† each other to win one million dollars by the end of the season. While it is important to be in good physical shape (the challenges are just that, physically challenging) it is imperative to have impeccable communication skills. In watching episodes of the current season, Survivor: Philippines, I have noticed: Communication Privacy Management Theory, Message Design Logics, Uncertainty Reduction Theory, Politeness Theory, and Social Exchange Theory. While this paper only requires three theories to be mentioned, I will show that all five are tied together. Each season Survivor is filmed over a period of 39 days on a different remote island. The contestants are divided into two or three tribes that start out competing against each other in challenges for a) rewards such as fishing supplies or an elegant feast and b) the coveted Immunity Idol, a token that means they will have the chance to play another three days. The tribe that does not win the idol will have to go to Tribal Council (an event that happens generally every three days) and risk being voted out of the game, hence no chance of winning the million dollar prize. About half-way through the season, the tribes merge into one, each player now plays for himself, and the remaining challenges are centered around winning Individual Immunity. All of the remaining players now go to Tribal Council and vote out one player. These ousted players now form the Jury, and they will be the ones to ultimately vote at the end of the game (when there are three remaining players) on who will take home the million dollars. Communication Privacy Management Theory, as stated by Dainton and Zelley on page 68, has four main principles. The one most applicable in Survivor involves boundaries. A boundary linkage is formed when two or more parties share information (Dainton and Zelley p. 71) with each owner of the information being responsible for its privacy. Inevitably, when one player finds a hidden Immunity Idol, they cannot seem to keep the information to themselves. They feel they must entrust someone else with this extremely private information and this almost certainly is their undoing. Dainton and Zelley show on page 72 that Petronio in 2002 states that boundary turbulence occurs when the rules for privacy management are not clear. This statement implies that boundary turbulence is unintentional. In watching Survivor, I found that boundary turbulence could also be intentional. In one instance, Player A told Player B she would not tell anyone that he (Player B) was in possession of a hidden immunity idol, yet she did tell someone else (Player C. ) Player C then confronted Player B, causing boundary turbulence with Player A. In another instance (and a different set of players), Players A and B together found a clue to a hidden immunity idol. They promised each other not to tell anyone else. Player A then told Player C. Player C seized an opportunity to plant the clue in Player B’s possessions, making it appear to Player A that Player B had betrayed her, thus creating boundary turbulence. In Message Design Logics Theory, there are three types of communication, expressive (p. 35), conventional and rhetorical (p. 36). Expressive is a sender-focused pattern of communication, concerned primarily with self-expression. Some players do not seem to have a ? lter and allow their thoughts to spew out, whether it be bene? cial to them or not. Conventional operates by rules. In one episode, others in the group let one player know that he was overstepping the line of acceptable behavior when he was snuggling with another particular contestant. They pointed out to him that it appeared to the rest of the group that he was in a strong alliance with her. He subsequently stopped sleeping next to her to show the group his allegiance was not tied to her. The more successful players of Survivor communicate in the rhetorical fashion. These individuals â€Å"view communication as a powerful tool used to create situations and negotiate multiple goals (p. 6). † They pay close attention to what others are communicating in order to be better able to understand their point of view, and therefore what they might be thinking beyond what they are saying. Those who use this type of communication are seeking a balance between their goals and keeping harmony with the receiver(s), even to the point of protecting another? s feelings (such as by not embarrassing them. ) T hey want to maintain a good working relationship with the other person in the future. Survivor contestants experience on a daily basis Uncertainty Reduction Theory. Dainton and Zelley point out on page 43 that, according to Berger and Calabrese (1975), humans regularly experience uncertainty, we do not like the feeling, and we use communication to reduce our uncertainties. In the game of Survivor, the players are in a constant state of uncertainty. They know that, by design of the game, they and their co-competitors all have the same goal. And only one of them is going to reach it. They go into the game knowing they are going to form friendships and they are going to have to lie and accept being lied to. One player stated that nobody wants to betray anybody else and nobody wants to feel betrayed. Politeness Theory also comes into play. Dainton and Zelley show on page 60 that if someone has more power or prestige than you, you will be more polite to them. This theory also states that if what you have to say may hurt the receiver of the information, you will be more polite. Survivor is all about who has the power. The players all want to be the one with the power, whether they want to let the other players know or not. To tie it to Message Design Logics, if they are a rhetorical communicator, they will be more polite to the one perceived as having the power. The expressive communicator, however, will not be so aware of the need to be polite. Another theory that needs to be mentioned is Social Exchange Theory. Dainton and Zelley on page 61 show that Thibaut and Kelley in 1959 maintained that humans, by nature, are sel? sh. We determine the relationships we keep or let go by weighing the bene? ts versus the costs of these relationships. In Survivor, the players are continually assessing their relationships with each ther, strategizing which relationships will thrive and which will be detrimental to their ultimate goal of making it all 39 days and to the million dollar prize. The CBS television show Survivor is a wealth of examples of communication theories in action. A contestant cannot possibly make it to the end and win the prize of one million dollars without being an exceptional communicator. Thi s means not only being able to convey one’s own information (expressive Message Design Logics), but also being able to assess how his/her information is being interpreted (rhetorical Message Design Logics. They also need to be able to read the others that are communicating to them, and determine whether the information being portrayed is truthful or not. While contestants have had to be medevacked for physical issues, they have yet to be involuntarily removed from the game for lack of communication skills. References Dainton, M. , Zelley, E. D. (2011). Applying communication theory for professional life: A practical introduction (2nd ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Website: CBS Survivor. http://www. cbs. com/shows/survivor/ How to cite Survivor: Philippines – an Analysis Using Communication Theory, Essay examples

Impact of Petroleum and gas Industry

Question: Write an essay on Legal Aspects of Oil and Gas Industry? Answer: Introduction Oil and gas is one of the most essential resources of our society. Over the years, several emerging countries have emphasised towards the discovery of natural resource with the aim of ensuring the economic growth of the nation. In this regard, more specifically it can be stated that through emphasising towards the natural resources, several global petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations have generated energy. As an effect, economic development has been witnessed and wealth has been maximized for the global nations in terms of foreign earnings. On the other hand, growth of petroleum and gas industry has also ensured sustained economic development for a nation (Marful-Sau, 2009). According to the report of Lukoil (2013), it is revealed that petroleum and gas has been one of the most growing industries among the global market place. In this regard, more specifically it can be argued that over the years the petroleum and gas production has been increased at a rate of 1.2% annually (Lukoil, 2013). On the other hand, based on the report of Ernst Young (2014), it is identified that the consumption of petroleum and gas has been increasing approximately around 50% in every year. Thus, with the aim of ensuring the future prosperity, several governments have incorporated economic policies and legal aspects i.e. petroleum and gas industry (Ernst Young, 2014). In this assignment, the aim is to discover and analyse the commercial, technical and legal aspects of the petroleum and gas industry. Moreover, the study will also highlight the key aspects of the governments through which sustainability development can be ensured for the petroleum and gas industry. Additionally, the study will also try to examine as well as evaluate the key features of the legal aspects by which governments usually negotiate challenges during the international trade operation of oil and gas industry. Furthermore, this particular assignment will emphasise towards the factors by which international petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations can ensure their long term sustainability development. Impact of Petroleum and gas Industry over the Modern Era In order to highlight the impact of the petroleum and gas industry it is identified that the government of United Kingdom (UK) has extremely emphasised towards the environment planning related principles for ensuring the future growth of petroleum and gas industry. At the same time, through emphasising towards environment planning related principles governments of UK has also tried to ensure the balance of natural resource and ecology related aspects of the society. In this regard, based on the report of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Industry and Environment (2015), it is identified that the government of UK as well as United States (US) have contributed their exclusive attention towards the execution of environment related programs with an objective of ensuring the growth of petroleum and gas industry within the globe. At the same time, through emphasising towards the legal framework, the governments of UK and US have also tried to ensure its statutory control over the global oil and gas industry (United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Industry and Environment, 2015). In this context, based on the report of Management of Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (2008), it is notified that through the assistance of constant supervising and monitoring, governments can execute the growth of petroleum and gas industry. At the same time, through incorporating qualitative measures outcome of the petroleum and gas industry can be developed significantly (Management of Ghana National Petroleum Corporation, 2008). Discussion In order to discuss the technical, commercial and legal aspects of the petroleum and gas industry; it can be claimed that petroleum and gas is one of the key aspects of modern society. In this context, it can be also argued that through ensuring the growth of petroleum and gas industry, global petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations can enhance the supply of energy towards the power industry. At the same time, it may also ensure the supply of fuel for transportation purpose. Moreover, through emphasising towards the technical, commercial and legal aspects of the petroleum and gas industry; it is also possible to ensure the resource of planning related aspects of minerals. Apart from this, through emphasising towards oil and gas industry; governments can ensure protection of water resources as well as emissions of pure air, which will lead positive impact towards the society in terms of health and safety related aspects. Additionally, it will also reduce the negative impact on t he society in terms of climate change related aspects (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2013). Based on the report of Swansea University (2015), it is identified that the government of UK has introduced a new legal constituent, which is named as Latin Legum Magister (LLM). In this regard, it can be argued that through emphasising towards the LLM, the government of UK has tried to ensure the protection of natural resource in a significant manner. Moreover, it can be stated that through emphasising towards the LLM related aspects, the government of UK has tried to establish conduct and ethics amid the petroleum and gas manufacturer during the practice of business operation. Simultaneously, through emphasising towards the LLM related aspects, the government of UK has tried to protect the waste of natural resource within the globe (Swansea University, 2015). In this context, the report of The University of Houston Law Center (2014), mentioned that through concentrating towards the LLM related aspects the government of UK has tried to ensure the protection of the intellectual prope rty rights. Additionally, it can be argued that through adopting LLM related aspects, the government of UK has tried to enrich the international trade and commerce operations within the petroleum and gas industry (The University of Houston Law Center, 2014). Based on the report of The University of Houston Law Center (2014), it is also identified that due to the presence of LLM features, modern petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations have witnessed greater profitability and success during the during international trade operations. At the same time, it is also revealed that the major stakeholders of the petroleum and gas industry have been benefitted in a significant manner due to the presence of LLM features. As an effect, it is revealed that during the business operations of petroleum and gas industry, the loyalty of the stakeholders such as federal governments, consumers, owners, investors and banks has been enhanced in a significant manner. The following discussion will highlight the legal aspects of the oil and gas industry within the globe (The University of Houston Law Center, 2014). Legal Aspects of Petroleum and Gas Industry In accordance with Soyer and Kurtz-Shefford (2014), it is notified that the government of UK as well as US has highly concentrated towards the contracts as well as liabilities of the petroleum and gas industry. In this regard, rationally it can be claimed that the governments of UK and US has tried to ensure the development of gas and petroleum projects within the globe by concentrating on its life cycle. Similarly, with an aim of ensuring the exploration and manufacturing of gas and petroleum, the governments of UK and US has emphasised towards the confidentiality agreements during the international trade operations. Additionally, through concentrating towards confidentiality agreements the governments of UK and US has also ensured the positive impact towards the society as well as environment in terms of natural resource and minerals. Moreover, existence of legal aspects i.e. oil and gas industry has assisted governments to negotiate with the threats and challenges within the indus try (Soyer and Kurtz-Shefford, 2014). Technical, Commercial and Legal Aspects of Petroleum and gas Industry According to the report of OPEC (2015), petroleum and gas industry is one of the most valuable industries within the globe. In this context, it can be stated that the petroleum and gas industry can influence the growth rate of a nation in terms of gross domestic product (GDP) and profitability. At the same time, the petroleum and gas industry may also create an impact on the economy and employment related aspects of a nation. Based on the report of OPEC (2015), it is also witnessed that the government of UK as well as US has highly concentrated towards the innovative and courageous approaches, which has enhanced the recognition of the petroleum and gas industry within the globe. On the other hand, through emphasising towards the technological aspects the government has enhanced the growth rate of the petroleum and gas industry in around the globe. Moreover, it can be also claimed that public and commercial legal aspects have also assisted global petroleum and gas manufacturing organi sations to enhance its operational efficiencies and reduce challenges during the international trade operations (OPEC, 2015). Moreover, it can be also claimed that the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has also provided their extensive attention for ensuring the development of petroleum and gas industry by reducing internal and external challenges during the international trade operations. On the other hand, it can be claimed that for enhancing the overall efficiency of the petroleum and gas industry, WTO has highly concentrated towards human rights and intellectual property rights related aspects, which may influence the overall performance of the international trade operations. At the same time, WTO has also introduced financing and licensing mechanism for ensuring the development of the petroleum and gas manufacturing related projects. In this context, Soyer and Kurtz-Shefford (2014) claimed that through ensuring intellectual property rights i.e. natural resources and by enhancing human rights, the governments of UK and US has enriched overall competencies of the oil and gas industry (Soyer and Kurtz-Sheffo rd, 2014). Practice of Law On the other hand, with the aim of ensuring the practice of law, the governments of UK and US has highly concentrated towards the commercial aspects of the petroleum and gas industry. At the same time, the governments have also provided their higher attention for ensuring the relationship between international traders, by establishing major contracts between worldwide nations. Apart from this, the governments of UK and US has also emphasised towards the negotiable bills of lading for establishing better trade relations within the globe. In this context, the governments have also engaged tankers and ships for enhancing business performance within the petroleum and gas industry. As an effect, it is identified that through the assistance of tankers and ships the governments of UK and US has reduced international trade barriers and also minimize trade and commerce related challenges i.e. petroleum and gas industry. In this regard, Williams (2014) argued that the governments of UK and US have concentrated towards the economic policy and international trade related laws for ensuring the overall growth of the oil and gas industry. As an effect, it is identified that the overall treat of the global warming has been reduced in manner. Simultaneously, carbon (CO2) emission and chances of substance dangerous gases such as sulphur and nitrogen compounds have been reduced in an effective manner, which has ensured the balance of socio-environment in terms ecological as well as atmosphere related aspects (Williams, 2014). Insurance Law In accordance with Soyer (2014), indemnity of ships and tankers is one of the key aspects i.e. international trades. In this context, more specifically it can be argued that through concentrating towards the insurance law, governments can ensure the recovery of losses during the disaster conditions such as tsunami, store and earthquake among others. Thus, it can be claimed that through emphasising towards the insurance laws it is possible to ensure the relevance of international business operations. At the same time, through adoption of insurance laws, the governments of UK and US have enhanced the efficiency of overseas business operations and it has also reduced international trade related challenges. Additionally, it can be argued that through emphasising towards the trade related laws, governments can enhance the future prosperity of oil and gas industry (Soyer, 2014). International Trade Law Based on the viewpoint of Tettenborn (2014), international trade law is one of the key aspects through which global petroleum and gas manufactures can enhance the overall business efficiency and outcome of the business operations within the industry. Moreover, Tettenborn (2014) claimed that through emphasising towards international trade laws, it is possible to maintain the structure and operations of the international trade. Simultaneously, by concentrating on the international trade laws it is possible to develop the capital improvement plan (CIP). At the same time, through establishing adequate international trade laws it is possible to maintain the cost, insurance and freight (CIF) contracts of the petroleum and gas manufacturer. Additionally, proper international trade laws always emphasise towards the free on board (FOB) i.e. of international trade operations of petroleum and gas manufacturer. Thus, it can be evidently stated that adequate international trade laws can assist oi l and gas manufacturers to minimize the international trade obligations i.e. buyers and sellers (Kerr, 2007). In this context, it can be stated that over the years, International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) has provided their higher attention towards the international trade laws with the aim of enhancing the international trade relations amid global nations. Moreover, ICC had concentrated on adequate international trade laws, with an aim of minimizing the trade risk involvement. On the other hand, through emphasising towards the international trade laws, it is also possible to reduce the chances of breach of contract during petroleum and gas trade operations. Consequently, through concentrating on the international trade laws, it is possible to ensure the authenticity of the bill of lading, insurance of transit goods and genuineness of the trade transport documents, which may conforms the protection of law i.e. international trading (Tettenborn, 2014). International Litigation and Arbitration According to the view point of Leloudas and Wen (2014) international litigation and arbitration is one of the foremost challenges for the global petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations. In this context, it can be argued that that international litigation and arbitration can obstruct the overall business performance for an organisation. At the same time, it may also influence several challenges for a nation in terms of economic and financial aspects. In this regard, the governments of UK and US have highly emphasised towards the factors through which it is possible to resolve the challenges of the governments in terms of international litigation and arbitration (Leloudas and Wen, 2014). Thus, ICC had paid extensive attention towards the judicial and arbitration structures with an objective of reducing the international trade disputes during the trade and commercial operations. In this context, it can be evidently stated that through incorporating special international laws, the governments of UK and US have addressed international litigation and arbitration i.e. oil and gas industry (Likosky, 2005). Law and Practice in International Banking and Commercial Payments According to the viewpoint of Toth, (2006), during the practice of international trade operation within the petroleum and gas industry, it is highly essential for the organisations to incorporate international banking and commercial payments mechanism for ensuring effective outcome of the business process. In this context, it can be stated that through emphasising towards banking and commercial payments mechanism, it is possible to reduce discrepancy in terms of cash payments. At the same time, it may also reduce obligation of the buyers in terms of documentary credits and bills of exchange. Moreover, it may also ensure integrated international payments for the oil and gas industry (Toth, 2006). Analysis and Evaluation Based on the above discussion, it can be stated that technical, commercial and legal aspects is one of the most essential factors, through which global petroleum and gas manufacturing organisations can enhance their operational efficiency and also can ensure the authenticity and reliability of the business operations. Simultaneously, it is also revealed that the governments of UK and US have emphasised towards consultation and disclosure of the international trade related information with an objective of enhancing the quality of business operations (Likosky, 2006). Moreover, the governments have also emphasised towards the employment, utility and infrastructure related aspects with an aim of ensuring smooth execution of trade operations within the petroleum and gas industry. Additionally, the governments have paid more attention towards health and community related aspects for establishing positive relations with the stakeholders of the oil and gas manufacturer (Department for Commun ities and Local Government, 2013). Conclusion From the above discussion, it is revealed that most of the emerging countries governments have incorporated legal aspects along with technical and commercial aspects, with an aim of enhancing the operational efficiency of the petroleum and gas industry. At the same time, through concentrating on legal aspects, the governments of UK and US have enhancing the ability of negotiating challenges during the international trade operations. Thus, in order to conclude the topic, it can be evidently stated that adequate legal aspects may improve future prosperity oil and gas industry. References List Marful-Sau, S., 2009. Is Ghana Prepared to Manage The Potential Environmental Challenges of an Oil and Gas Industry?. University of Dundee, pp. 1-15. Management of Ghana National Petroleum Corporation, 2008. Status Report on the Jubilee Field Oil and Gas Development. Daily Graphic, pp. 26-26. Department for Communities and Local Government, 2013. Planning practice Guidance for Onshore Oil and Gas. Crown copyright, pp. 1-29. The University of Houston Law Center, 2014. Practice of Law in the Oil and Gas Industry. Assignments, pp. 1-2. United Nations Environment Programme Industry and Environment, 2015. Annual Report 2014. Publications, pp. 1-62. Ernst Young, 2014. Oil Gas Industry Forecast. Assurance, pp. 1-47. Lukoil, 2013. Global Trends in Oil Gas Markets To 2025. Global Trends, pp. 1-64. Parashar, S., No Date. Legal Aspect of Oil and Gas Sector. Subject: Oil and Gas [Online] Available at: https://www.manupatrafast.com/articles/PopOpenArticle.aspx?ID=3b9928f3-1807-4916-b783-33b3c38992dbtxtsearch=Subject:%20Oil%20And%20Gas [Accessed on 8 July, 2015]. UNEP Industry and Environment, 1997. Environmental Management in Oil and Gas Exploration and Management. Oil Industry International Exploration and Production Forum, pp. 1-76. Swansea University, 2015. LLM in Oil and Gas Law. College of Law, pp. 1-2. Soyer, B. and Kurtz-Shefford, T., 2014. LLM in Oil and Gas Law. Oil and Gas Law: Contracts and Liabilities, p. 2. Kurtz-Shefford, T., 2014. LLM in Oil and Gas Law. Public and Commercial Legal Aspects of Oil and Gas Exploration and Production (Compulsory), p. 2. Williams, R., 2014. LLM in Oil and Gas Law. Charter parties: Law and Practice, p. 2. Soyer, B., 2014. LLM in Oil and Gas Law. Marine Insurance Law, p.2. Tettenborn, A., 2014. LLM in Oil and Gas Law. International Trade Law, p. 2. Leloudas, G. and Wen, S., 2014. LLM in Oil and Gas Law. International Litigation and Arbitration, p. 2. Kerr, J., 2007. Ecuadors New Energy Minister Calls for Renegotiation of Contracts, But Not Nationalization. Global Insight. Toth, 2006. Documentary Credits in International Commercial Transactions with Special Focus on the Fraud Rule. Athens/Budapest, pp. 1-191. Likosky, M. B., 2006. Law, Infrastructure, and Human Rights. Cambridge University Press. Likosky, M. B., 2005. Privatising Development: Transnational Law, Infrastructure and Human Rights. Leiden.

Organization Structure, Processes and Design project on Magma Design Automation Essay Example

Organization Structure, Processes and Design project on Magma Design Automation Paper Magma Design Automation is a fast-growing provider of Electronic Design Automation (EDA) software and design services. The company was founded in 1997 on the concept of combining logic design and physical design into a single system to better address emerging deep sub-micron design challenges. MDA is headquartered in Silicon Valley and has a global network of sales support personnel. Magma markets and supports its products through sales and support centers in North America, Europe, Japan, India and Asia-Pacific nations. Magma has grown substantially over the years to achieve sales of over $75 million in 2003. Magmas mission To create and deliver the best EDA software products and solutions, encompassing IC design from concept to completion, enabling our customers commercial success. Magmas Products We will write a custom essay sample on Organization Structure, Processes and Design project on Magma Design Automation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Organization Structure, Processes and Design project on Magma Design Automation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Organization Structure, Processes and Design project on Magma Design Automation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Magma Design Automation provides electronic design automation (EDA) software that enables chip designers to meet critical time-to-market objectives, improve chip performance and handle multimillion-gate designs. Key products include Blast Create(tm), Blast Plan(tm), Blast Fusion(r) and Blast Noise(r). Magma software products comprise the only truly integrated RTL-to-GDSII design flow. Magmas Customers Magma licenses its design automation software to semiconductor manufacturers and electronic products companies around the world. Among them: Broadcom, Infineon, NEC, Texas Instruments, Toshiba and Vitesse. Need to expand operations ASIC/VLSI development business was rapidly shifting its base from US to India in the later half of 90s. As they form the main customers of Magma, it also needed to follow the change. The main reasons for the start of the Indian operations are: 1. Close proximity to the clients: Magma caters to the multinational companies like Texas Instruments etc, globally. So to support these operations they also have to start their operation in India. 2. High quality manpower and low cost: The availability of the pool of talented engineers in India at low cost was also a reason for the shift. 3. Faster Response Time: Being present locally will also provide the faster response time for the maintenance and support. With these considerations in mind, the company opened its first Indian office at Bangalore in May 2003 with an initial work force of 25 people. The operative goals of the Indian operations are: 1. To upgrade its Indian operations so that it can cater to the Asia-pacific market and Japan, and at a later stage to European market as well. 2. To be amongst the top 3 EDA providers in India. 3. To provide new product development via its RD department for global operations so as to move up in the value hierarchy. Magma India is a part of a Global Matrix structure. The matrix structure helps the company to coordinate between the Indian operation and the parent company in both the product development as well as business development in whole of the globe. The company has three major departments viz. RD, Product Engineering and Field Application Engineering, along with support departments of Finance, Human Resource Development, Information Technology and Marketing. The company has a dual reporting structure with the team in India working alongside the team in the different regions on the same product. Various divisions in different operations Organization structure of Magma design automation Work flows in Magma with the use of cross-functional teams, chosen on geographical and divisional basis as required by the project. The criterion for choosing the group leader is technical expertise. The employees then work on this temporary team till the project is completed. The employees keep moving from one project to another in this fashion in the same division. Each employee thus has a dual reporting structure. He reports to his project lead, in most cases in U.S., as well as the divisional head in India. The organization structure and design of Magma is mainly determined by five factors Organization Strategy and Goals External environment Organization life cycle and size Organizational Culture Technology Magma India follows a differentiation strategy for interacting with its competitive environment and in order to achieve organizational goals. The company attempts to distinguish its products from others in the EDA industry. The products of Magma India are differentiated on the basis of technology, architecture and the features offered by them. The EDA tools offered by Magma are of high quality and they are priced high. Magma is committed to differentiate its products from others in the industry and for this it invests heavily in RD, product research and has got tie ups with other companies to market its products. In order to differentiate its products and to keep a competitive edge, Magma has got a strong RD division. Magma has got a strong customer focus and its FAE department continuously interacts with customers. IT also sends its RD people to customer sites and forms cross-functional teams, if there is such a requirement, at the customer site. Thus, Magma India wants to have the structure and culture of a learning organization and rewards its employees for creativity and innovation. The organizations ability to be flexible is constrained by its divisional architecture. This can be a severe problem as Magma India grows in size. To overcome the disadvantages of the divisional structure in the long term, it should establish strong formal horizontal linkages between divisions. This will increase coordination and add flexibility to the organization. The sector in which Magma India is operating is highly dynamic with lots of activity going on. On one hand small companies are coming fast to fill the niche whereas the old companies are consolidating to retain their matte. Also the environment becomes highly unstable due to the extensive dependence of this sector on the emerging technology. Its main competitors are Cadence, Synopsis, and Mentor Graphics etc. The requirements of the customer are also changing i.e. change of the design due to advent of nanometer technology. There are only a few number of external complexities that means only few external elements are relevant to the company. For Magma, these are changes in technology and clients. Therefore the company is in simple environmental complexity and unstable environmental change. Therefore company shares a moderate to high uncertainty.

Spanish Words Meaning Half

Spanish Words Meaning Half The English word half can be translated to Spanish in several ways, depending on, among other things, what part of speech it is used as. Medio (Adjective) Medio is used as an adjective, and as such it agrees with the noun it refers to in number and gender. Examples El edificio ocupa una media manzana. (The building occupies half a block.) Contiene sà ³lo 103 calorà ­as por media taza. (It has only 103 calories per half-cup.)Es medio hombre, medio vampiro. (Hes half man, half vampire.) Pasaban las horas y las medias horas tambià ©n. (The hours passed, and so did the half-hours.) In some cases, the noun that medio (or one of its variations) refers to can be omitted. Examples Hay tres clases semanales de una hora y media. (There are three weekly classes of an hour and a half.) Necesito una cuchara y media de azà ºcar. (I need a spoonful and a half of sugar.) Medio (Adverb) Medio also is used as an adverb, usually referring to adjectives. In standard Spanish, it is invariable, not changing in number or gender with the adjective it refers to. (In some areas, it is not unusual in spoken Spanish to change the form of medio to agree with the adjective, but such use is considered substandard.) Examples  ¿No ser una de esas mujeres medio locas? (You wouldnt be one of those half-crazy women?) Siempre te veo medio borracho. (I always see you half-drunk.) La tarea est medio hecha. (The homework is half-done.) A Medias A medias is a phrase that can function as either an adjective or adverb. Examples Accesibilidad a medias no es accesibilidad. (Half-accessibility isnt accessibility.) Esa informacià ³n contiene verdades a medias. (The information contains half-truths.) La mirilla me permite ver a medias la silueta. (The peephole lets me half-see the outline.) Comprendo a medias muchas canciones en inglà ©s. (I half-understand many songs in English.) La Mitad La mitad, which often means middle, can also be used as a noun to mean half. Examples El vino rojo reduce a la mitad el riesgo. (Red wine reduces the risk to half.) Replantaremos la mitad del cà ©sped. (We will replant half the lawn.) Cada segundo se crea un blog nuevo, pero solo la mitad permanecen activos. (Each second a new blog is created, but only half remain active.)  ¡Cartuchos de impresora a mitad de precio! (Printer cartridges at half price!)

Data Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Data Analysis - Essay Example lyse the association between increase in productivity and decrease in cost, decrease in lost images, increase in quality of images, decrease in repeated examination/rejected films, and examination time. As can be seen from figure 4 to 7, it appears that there was strong or very strong association between increase in productivity and variables decrease in cost, decrease in lost images, increase in quality of images, decrease in repeated examination/rejected films, and examination time. The strongest correlation was between increase in productivity and decrease in examination time, therefore, taking variable decrease in examination time as independent variable for predicting increase in productivity (dependent variable). Decrease in examination time significantly predicted increase in productivity,  ÃŽ ² = .90,  t(48) = 14.07,  p   In conclusion, there is strong association between increase in productivity and decrease in cost, decrease in lost images, increase in quality of images, decrease in repeated examination/rejected films, and examination

Primitivism and the development of novel artistic expression Assignment

Primitivism and the development of novel artistic expression - Assignment Example The essay "Primitivism and the development of novel artistic expression" discusses the art of Primitivism. Primitive here has reference too to an idea during the time of primitivism’s first flowering of a more pristine, less corrupted and closer to paradise kind of sensibility that was supposed to be reflected in the art of less advanced societies. There is an element too in a return to the primitive to the artist’s rebellion against the loss of a more carefree, less repressed sexuality, among other things, with the effect too that in the works of some of the artists, such as Gauguin, there was an intentional focus on female sexuality and nudity among the artists’ subjects. Other attributions to primitivism made in more contemporary definitions of the movement especially paint the movement in a positive light, more so during the 19th century, when the movement was identified with such attributions as regeneration, ancestors, and fertility. This, even as the movem ent itself came to refine its focus of interest to art from the Islands of the Pacific as well as Africa. Moreover, a more generalized emphasis on primitive societies among other social science disciplines in the 20th century generally gave the West more immediate access to those societies, sans the filtering mechanisms that the primitivism art movement first introduced. This latter more direct access by general Western society through the sciences to those primitive societies generally weakened the interest of the west on primitivism.

Welfare Facilities During Construction Work

Welfare Facilities During Construction Work Hughes and Ferrett, 2008 have defined that health is the protection of people from illness due to the materials, processes of procedures used in the workplace while safety defined as the protection of people from physical injury or in the absence of the danger in simple way. Health and safety often closely related with the physical and material and mental well-being of the individual at the place of work (Hughes and Ferrett, 2008). By referring to Oxford Dictionary, welfare is defined as the health, happiness and fortunes of a person or group. For the purpose of this research, the provision of welfare facilities consist of washing and sanitation arrangements, provision of drinking water, heating, lighting, accommodation for clothing, seating, eating and rest rooms as well as first aid arrangement for the well-being of the employees (Hughes and Ferrett, 2006). CONSTRUCTION HEALTH AND SAFETY RESPONSIBILITIES Construction health and safety should be of primary concern to employers, employees, government and project participants (Kheni, 2008). Therefore, the client, main contractor, regulatory agencies and employees are the main parties who responsible for construction health and safety (Laryea S. and Mensah S., 2010). There is several government agencies involved in construction safety and health. Each has the same mission towards the safety and health in construction industry as to reduce the accidents or fatalities and the compensation cost as well as to ensure that the risks to health and safety of workers are properly controlled. The contractors role has been mainly focused by the research and publications on construction worker safety due to Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) places the responsibility for safety on the employers shoulders (J. Gambatese, J. Hinze, 1998). The table below explained on the main duties of construction parties. PLANNING OF WELFARE FACILITIES Good health and safety planning helps to ensure that a project is well managed and that unexpected costs and problems are minimised (Laryea S. and Mensah S., 2010). Consideration should be made during planning stage prior to constructing any facilities. Issues here include consideration of a safe and healthy location, application of appropriate construction standards, provision of adequate and sanitary living conditions as well as appropriate leisure and health facilities (IFC and the EBR, 2009). Firstly, it is important to make sure welfare arrangements are clearly addressed in the health and safety plan where the Laws and Legislations apply (HSE, 1998). Make sure the facilities reflect the site size, nature of the work, and numbers of people who will use them. An example of nature of work, where consider the provision of showers if the project involves hazardous substances or very dirty work such as sewer maintenance, dusty demolition activities as well as works with contaminated land or concrete pouring (HSE, 1998). The distance of workers will have to travel to the welfare facilities might have to consider as well. The exact nature of the facilities also depends on the intended duration of work and number of different locations. Lastly, consideration on whether the welfare facilities need to be relocated during the construction phase. MINIMUM STANDARD OF WELFARE FACILITIES Minimum standard of welfare facilities should be provided at construction site complying with the regulation for the particular project. The satisfaction of the safety and health act and regulation can be achieved by providing the optimum facilities through the assessing the maximum and minimum of construction workers (Tan, 2010). The person in charge of the construction site must always make sure that the legal requirements of workers welfare are met (HSE, 2004). However, simply providing and enforcing prescriptive rules and procedures are not sufficient to foster safe behavior in the workplace (Reason, 1998). Most construction employers now have safety policies in place, but they need to be kept up to date. The objective is to reflect what actually happens, and to make sure the policy does not contain a hopeful list of wishes that are never likely to be fulfilled (Hotl, A.S.J, 2001) The provision of welfare facilities at transient construction sites and the provision of welfare facilities at fixed construction sites that supplied by Health and Safety Executive often used as guidance in United Kingdom. It gives guidance on the minimum welfare facilities that must be provided or made available to workers on construction sites. The nature and scale of facilities required will depend on the size, location and type of project. Suitable welfare facilities must be available for all workers during all working hours. As a minimum, these will be access to toilet and washing facilities, a supply of clean drinking water, a place to take a breaks and meals and store clothing, shelter in bad weather, and first aid facilities. Most, if not all of these will be covered by local or national regulatory requirements. TYPES OF WELFARE FACILITIES Good welfare facilities not only improve workers welfare but also enhance efficiency. The facilities may be provided and maintained by one contractor or by individual contractors for all workers (ILO, 1995). General welfare facilities that provided on site include: Living Accommodations Sanitary and toilet facilities Washing facilities Drinking water Changing rooms and lockers Rest Facilities Canteen WELFARE FACILITIES REQUIREMENTS The main health and safety requirements in construction relate to tidy sites and decent welfare, falls from height, manual handling, and transport on site (Laryea S. and Mensah S. ,2010) In Malaysia, the welfare provision refer to the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (Act 514), Factory and Machineries Act 1967 (Act 139) and Construction Industry Development Board Act 1994 (Act 520). Whereas In United Kingdom, the Construction (Design and Management) Regulation 2007 covers a wide range of basic health, safety and welfare and applies to the workplaces involving construction on sites. By referring to Health, Safety and Executive, (1997), adequate and appropriate welfare facilities must be provided for employees so far as is reasonably practicable while them are at work even though in short period. This means that facilities must be provided unless it is clearly unreasonable in terms of time, trouble, cost and physical difficulty. There is an important additional duty in this Regulation. The one in control of a site has to ensure that there are reasonable welfare facilities available at readily accessible places. HSE, 2010 has provided the information sheet for those in control of construction sites which describes minimum welfare facilities that should be provided or made available on fixed construction sites. In addition, the guidance note is based on a review of these instruments and legislation, as well as guidelines and best practices produced by a range of different private and public sector actions at national and international level. (IFC and EBRD, 2009). The regulation 22 of the Construction (Design and Management) Regulation 2007 has stated few requirements for welfare facilities provided for construction industry. These include provide sanitary and washing facilities and an adequate supply of drinking water; rest facilities; facilities to change and store clothing. Good facilities can positively benefit health and well-being and can help to prevent dermatitis. The requirements of welfare facilities are as below: Living Accommodations The provision of workers accommodation is often related with the importation of an external workforce into an area (IFC and EBRD, 2009). There are several reasons that lead to this occurrence such as the local labour supply or skills base is inadequate, the workers are simply not available due to the remote location of the worksite or the particular skills required. Also it may happen as the labour requirements can only be fulfilled by migrant workers due to the nature of the work or the working conditions (IFC and EBRD, 2009). The accommodation provided either in building type or conventional container for the sleeping and resting purpose. The workers accommodation for construction more relate to a temporary phase of a project (IFC and EBRD, 2009). The accommodation provided shall be appropriate for its location and be clean, safe and at minimum, meet the basic needs of workers because the location of the facilities is important to prevent exposure to wind, fire, flood and other natural hazards (IFC and EBRD, 2009). Therefore, living accommodations are located within a reasonable distance from worksite as possible. The building of living accommodation requires sufficient materials, appreciate maintenance as well as acceptable cleanliness free from nuisance of rubbish and other waste. It shall not be used for the storage of building materials purpose. (ILO, 1992) The conventional container is generally used in Malaysia construction site because it is easily moved to new project (Tan, 2010). It is important to ensure good standards in living facilities. It helps to avoid safety hazards and to protect workers from diseases and illness resulting from humidity, spread of fungus, proliferation of insects or rodents, as well as to maintain a good level of morale (IFC and EBRD, 2009). Sanitary and Toilet Facilities Sanitary and toilet facilities include water closets, portable chemical toilets and urinals. Toilet facilities needed include the flushing toilets and running water which connected to mains water and drainage system if possible. The alternative way is to provide facilities with a built-in water supply and drainage tank (HSE, 2010). An adequate number of toilets should be available at all times for construction workers. Adequate facilities mean by make sure that there are enough toilets for those expected to use, so that the people should not have to queue for long periods to go to the toilet. Toilet arrangements are essential to avoid any contamination and prevent the spread of infectious disease. The following tables show the minimum number of toilets and urinals that should be provided. The number of toilets needed will be depends on the number of construction workers on site. The number of people at work (left column) refers to the maximum number likely to be in the workplace at any one time. Portable chemical toilets are only acceptable instead of making other adequate provision which is not reasonably practicable and it should be maintained and emptied regularly. The number of persons and the frequency of emptying are used to determine the number of portable toilets needed on site by using the ratio 1 toilet to 7 persons where portable toilets are emptied once a week (HSE, 2010). Beside, toilet facilities are conveniently located and easily accessible. Shorter distance for travelling to toilet from worksite means that unnecessary and non-productive times are minimized (Tan, 2010). Standards range from 30 to 60 meters from rooms. Sanitary and toilet facilities are never shared between male and female resident. Otherwise provide lockable doors instead of failing to provide separate facilities for different gender. Moreover, adequate supplies of toilet paper should be always be available. Specific additional sanitary facilities are provided for women where necessary. It is essential for workers to maintain a good standard of personal hygiene but also to prevent contamination and the spread of diseases which result from inadequate sanitary facilities (IFC and EBRD, 2009). Always make sure that the facilities provided are well-lit, have good ventilation, cleaned frequently and kept in fully working condition (HSE, 2010). The number of utilization determines the frequency of cleaning. Basically, daily cleaning may not always be sufficient. Washing Facilities Work in the construction industry is often dusty and dirty as well as involving handling chemicals and other dangerous substances. Therefore, washing facilities provided as a basic hygiene measure, preventing chemical contaminating foods and so being eaten during snacks or meals, being absorbed through the skin or being carried home. Apart from that, it also functions to remove dirt and grime, which also can be ingested and cause sickness and disease. Washing facilities include basins or sinks that allow people to wash their hands, face and forearms (HSE, 2007). Also, it consists of a supply of hot and cold, or warm, water which should be running water and soup or other washing agents for cleaning purpose that are enough for the workers. Washing or shower facilities is provided for particular dirty work or work exposing workers to hazardous substance such as concrete pouring (HSE,2007). An adequate number of washing facilities should be provided to construction workers. Washing facilities should be provided in conjunction with toilets and changing areas. It should be located within reasonable distance from other facilities and from sleeping facilities in particular (HSE, 2010). A clean supply from a tank should be provided instead of main water supply when it is not available (HSE, 2007). Men and women can share basin used for washing hands, face and arms. Provided that a basin large enough to wash face, hands and forearms if necessary and also a means for drying hands such as paper towels or a hot air dryer (HSE, 1998). Unisex shower facilities is available for both gender, provided that is stands alone, is lockable room and can only be used by one person at a time (HSE,2007). These facilities must be kept in good working condition, cleaned frequently, and always ensure that there is sufficient ventilation and lighting (HSE, 2010). Drinking Water Drinking water is essential for workers in the construction industry, irrespective of the type of work they do. To prevent dehydration, workers should always have easy access to a source of clean water. Therefore, a special attention to water quality and quantity is absolutely essential. A supply of wholesome drinking water should be readily available, preferably from the mains. If this is not possible then bottles or tank should be provided for storing water, protected it from possible contamination as well as changeover sufficiently and regularly to prevent it from becoming stale or contaminated (HSE, 2007). Mark clearly on the drinking water supply to distinguish between drinkable and non-drinkable water such as hazardous liquids or water which is not fit to drink. The supplying of drinking water requires cups or other drinking vessels at the outlet, unless the water is supplied in an upward jet, which can be drunk easily such as drinking fountain (HSE, 2007). Drinking-water should not be placed in sanitary facilities, or in places where it can be contaminated by dust, chemicals or other substances. Whatever the source of water supply for drinking, whether at the mess accommodation or elsewhere on the site, it should be clearly marked as drinking-water in words or with a suitable sign. Changing Rooms and Lockers Changing rooms or lockers are particularly important for workers storing personal clothing that not worn on site such as jackets and training shoes and protective clothing that needed for site work such as high visibility jackets and safety boots (HSE, 2007). Changing rooms should be provided with drying and clothes hanging which are easily accessible. Thus, they can separate their wet and dry clothing by hanging on the cupboard. This is essential to where some working clothes are likely to be contaminated by dangerous substances, atmospheric conditions or workplace conditions. Therefore, facilities should be provided to keep working cloths apart from personal clothing (Fon, 2006). For smaller site, the site office may sufficient be a storage area but the separate lockers might be needed too. This is because there is a risk of protective site clothing contaminating everyday clothing, items should be stored separately (HSE, 1998). If electrical heaters are used, ensure the room has well ventilation and fitted with a high temperature cut-out device where possible. Many fires have been caused by placing too much clothing to dry on electrical heaters, making the heater overheat. Rest Facilities Construction workers begin work early. They start their day alert and productive but their activity level decreases as the day passed. Therefore, short breaks taken frequently are much better than infrequent long breaks. Recovery is much faster as having rest before show signs of being really tired (ILO,1995). Rest areas are not to be used to store plant, equipment or materials. It provides shelter from wind and rain. The rest facilities should have an adequate number of tables and chairs, a kettle or urn for boiling water and a means for warming up food such as a gas or electrical heating ring or microwave oven and be adequately heated. Suitable and sufficient, readily accessible rest facilities should be provided. Work areas can be counted as rest areas and as eating facilities, provided they are adequately clean and there is a suitable surface on which to place food. On smaller sites, the site office or hut may suffice as rest area. Canteen Canteen is adequately furnished and protected from the weather, where one can eat in comfort food brought from home or brought from vendors. Canteen may be used as rest facilities provided there is no obligation to purchase food. If canteen is provided, it does not only save the time for construction workers not going out for eating (Tan, 2010). Standards range from providing tables, benches, individual drinking cups and plates to provide special drinking fountains. It should be situated away from workstations to minimize contact with dirt, dust or dangerous substances. Good standards of hygiene in canteen are crucial. Facilities must be kept in a clean and sanitary condition as well as conform to hygiene and safety requirement. EXAMPLES OF GOOD PRACTICE WELFARE FACILITIES ISSUES A company was found not to have provided welfare facilities at a construction site and was served with an improvement notice during an inspection section. The company was prosecuted as failed to provide the facilities within the timescale. The company received a  £2000 fine for not complying with the notice, a  £5000 fine for not providing the welfare facilities, and had to pay prosecution costs of  £1272. A construction company in Devon is caught by surprise for not having hot water and accessible toilet facilities on site and was fined 2,500 by HSE. Rod Hepper concluded: Installing proper facilities on site costs far less than the fines that the HSE will impose if inspectors find the law being flouted. (Pickles, 2001). The Elliott Workspace Marketing Manager, Rod Hepper commented that there are still companies across UK that ignores the necessity of providing appropriate welfare facilities on construction sites in line with regulation in force even after warning from Health and Safety Executive (HSE). In reality, it is a legal requirement for the companies to provide proper toilet facilities and warm running water available at all times (How, 2006). News from workplacelaw on date 13 Dec 2010, a builder whose employees had to work in unsanitary conditions, with no toilet or washing facilities, has appeared in court in Rochdale. Michael Connolly, 46, was prosecuted by the HSE after he repeatedly ignored calls to improve conditions at the site in Littleborough where he had employed contractors to convert a house into flats and shops. HSE inspectors who visited the site found that there were no toilets or washing facilities. ( http://www.workplacelaw.net/news/display/id/31712, 2010). CONCLUSION Work in the construction industry is hazardous and dirty; it involves much manual or physical activity. Welfare facilities such as the provision of drinking water, washing, sanitary and changing accommodation, rest rooms and shelter, facilities for preparing and eating meals, temporary housing, all help to reduce fatigue and improve workers health. The facilities may be provided and maintained by one contractor for all workers or by individual contractors. Good facilities can positively benefit health and well-being and can help to prevent dermatitis. Good welfare facilities not only improve workers welfare but also enhance efficiency. References Welfare at work Guidance for employers on welfare provisions IFC and the EBRD , 2009. Workers accommodation: processes and standards.A guidance note by IFC and the EBRD (ILO, 1992). Thesis ILO, 1995 Safety, health and welfare on construction sites: A training manual ILO. 2003. Safety in numbers. Rep. No. 061, International Labor  Organization, Geneva. J. Gambatese, J. Hinze, 1998. Addressing construction worker safety in the design phase Designing for construction worker safety. Automation in Construction 8 (1999): 643-649. (Laryea S. and Mensah S. ,2010) The Construction, Building and Real Estate Research Conference of  the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors Held at Dauphine Università ©, Paris, 2-3 September 2010 Kheni, Nongiba Alkanam (2008) Impact of health and safety management on safety performance of small and medium-sized construction businesses in Ghana, Unpublished PhD thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Loughborough University, UK Phil Hughes, Ed Ferrett,2008. Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction: The Handbook for Construction Professionals and Students on NEBOSH and Other Construction Courses Phil Hughes, Ed Ferrett, 2006. Introduction to health and safety in construction HSE, September 2007 CONSTRUCTION HEALTH SAFETY STANDARD No. 20 ,Principle sources of information HSE Construction Information Sheets 18 and 46, HSE, 2010 provision of welfare facilities during construction work. construction information sheet no 59 HSE, 1998 Provision of welfare facilities at fixed construction sites, Construction Information Sheet No 18(rev1) HSE, 2007 workplace health, safety and welfare. A short guide for managers.leafetlet INDG244(rev2) According to the International Labor Organization 1992, the general provisions of welfare are stated under clause 19.there should be adequate supply of wholesome drinking water provided at reasonable access of construction site.

Decision Making Essay -- GCSE Business Management Coursework

Decision Making Assignment Description: For this assignment think of an important business decision you have made in the past in which the results of your decision turned out poorly. Your manager is concerned and wants to make sure that you learned from this mistake and the likelihood of this happening in the future is minimal. Therefore she would like you to email her a reflective analysis about that decision. Be sure to address the following in your analysis: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Describe the decision and its relative importance to you as the decision maker. (1 paragraph) 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Use three different theories associated with this unit's resources and readings to illustrate your decision making process. (3 paragraphs). 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Compare and contrast your understanding of judgment and/or decision making using these three different theoretical approaches.(3 to 4 Paragraphs) 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What does this imply about our understanding of how to make judgments and decisions? (1 to 2 Paragraphs). 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  How will knowledge of this analysis help you to make better decisions in the future? (1-2 paragraphs) 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Describe the decision and its relative importance to you as the decision maker. The decision was made when I was a Production Supervisor. Quality of product was getting much attention due to many customer complaints as a result many standards were put into practice. In an effort to reduce the customer complaints, all employees were expected to follow the new standards. Even t...

The Social Psychology of the Salem Witch Trials

There are several other terms that could replace mob psychology such as group think, group control, social psychology. Social psychology is termed as a branch of human psychology dealing with the behavior of groups and the influence of social factors on the individual. (Donahue) â€Å"An individual is subjected to a more powerful control when two or more persons manipulate variables having a common effect upon behavior†. (Skinner 323) The psychology behind this simply states that two people are more influential than one and four people more Influential than two, etc.In the case of the Salem witch trials, this Is extremely evident. Having started with just two young girls from the same household and to grow into a state wide panic at such a fast rate supports this idea. In 1692, Salem was a Puritan village outside of Boston. The puritan teachings and beliefs were deeply revered and a way of life for the followers. The preacher of the church was Reverend Samuel Paris. His sermon s were fiery, emphasizing on spiritual warfare between the saved and the dammed. Norton 18) Before the trials began, Pearls preached a series of sermons about the first verse of Psalm 1 10: â€Å"Sit thou at my right hand, till I make thin enemies thy footstool. † (Norton 1 8) His reticular style of teaching emphasized on the vast differences between â€Å"us† and â€Å"them†; â€Å"us† being the saved and â€Å"them† being the dammed, thus instilling fear in the congregation and giving him control of his followers. To put it in a better perspective, David Hackett Fisher wrote concerning Puritan religion â€Å"Anyone outside of or contrary to that church was an agent of the devil†¦It was the responsibility of the church to help such a person by introducing him to confess the indwelling of an evil spirit and free himself. If he did not confess, it were better he be killed, lest he be a vehicle through witch the devil contaminate others. (Eleph ant 134) With this being the Puritan mindset, it would be common to fear the repercussions of not conforming to the rules and standards of the religion. Some religious leaders use the fear that sin will keep you from Heaven and that only the leader could save you from damnation. Skinner 3 The Puritans were on a crusade against evil and those who practiced witchcraft. (Schnapps, Ties 133-148) Samuel Paris was not the only religious figure who was preaching these messages at the time. Cotton Matter was a very well known and prestigious minister at Boson's Old North Church. He firmly believed in the practice f witchcraft. His father, Increase Matter, was extremely influential as well at the time. Both had published works about evil in the very real presence of witchcraft. These, as well as other writings were available to the public and influenced public thinking.Cotton Matter's first book length publication was Memorable Providence's, Relating to Witchcraft. This publication was based on his experience with the Goodwin family. Their children became â€Å"possessed† and Matter was personally involved in the children's deliverance. (Hill 20) Eighteen months after the Goodwin trial in Boston, Samuel Paris' young daughter ND niece began exhibiting the same strange behavior. Having read Cotton Matter's book, he feared the worst for the children. Once examined by Dir. Grids, and finding no plausible reason for their illness, the doctor concluded that it must be witchcraft. Starkey 45) The Paris' owned a slave couple named Tuba and John Indian. Tuba's growing concern for the girls inspired her to bake a witch cake. This cake contained the young girls' urine and was to be fed to a dog. If the dog were to behave strangely, the presence of witchcraft would be confirmed. (Hill 23) Samuel Paris was horrified of these actions. After hearing what Tuba did, the girls announced that it was in fact Tuba who had bewitched them. Along with these accusations, the girls also stated two other women in the community were responsible: Sarah Osborne and Sarah Good. Norton 44) The three women were of lower nobility which made the accusations much more plausible. These women were typical suspects of witchcraft. In both Europe and America, witches were mostly female, in their forties or older, had no social power, and did not conform to the social norm. (Elephant 136) â€Å"It was easy to make that assumption because they seemed more obnoxious, that kind of seasoning is dangerous. † (Borer 137) Many references to the accused are merely called Hags thus placing the women beneath those accusing her. In no time at all, the number of accusations and accusers increased rapidly.Young women were receiving attention and had access to public power. The girls could shriek and scream and not be punished, but instead be looked upon as victim. (Elephant 137) The amount of fear greatly increased through out the village. To be against the group would put you in danger , thus the group grows out of fear. (Skinner 323) The girls not only grew in number but in age as well. Each girl would vary in heir emotional patterns and would feed off of each others reactions. (Starkey 45) Those who were imprisoned were accusing others and chaos rapidly ensued.The community response became more agitated as the trials continued. Those who confessed were neither tried nor sentenced. (Elephant 138) The number of confessions only supported the girls' accusations allowing them more credibility. Those who claimed to be innocent were hung following their trial or for one man tortured. At this point, the presence of a strong governing body could have brought a more peaceful solution and calmed the growing fear of the people. Instead, the Judges a owe ten tentacles In ten courtroom anon ten solution spun quickly out AT control.This is an example of how mob psychology affected the outcome of these trials. The peoples' fears were compounded by the girls' emotional out burs ts, the religious view points being expressed at this time and growing distrust of people seen as different from themselves. There was no governing body, civil or religious, that was willing or able to control public response. On the contrary, the establishment of Court of Ore and Determiner, in May of 1692, brought a new level of seriousness. Norton 194) Grand and petty Juries were formed, witnesses were called in and the charades escalated.On December 23, the court appointed new Juries of men who felt the proceedings were too violent and they would use â€Å"another method† while conducting future trials. (Norton 291) Once these men took control of the trials, order was slowly becoming restored into play and the storm began to calm. Many who were still imprisoned were only there because they could not pay the fees to be released. Tuba was one of the last remaining to be freed since Samuel Paris refused to pay her cost of imprisonment. Norton 292) When the trials finally cam e to an end, twenty people had died.This tragic and unfortunate event could have had a much more positive out come had the control of the group been enforced at an earlier time. It is clearly evident that the force of the mob caused the Salem witch trials to become so overwhelming. Increase Matter played a major influential part toward the end of the trials by opposing the manner in which Salem officials handled the allegations. (Norton 291). Luckily for the town of Salem, new laws were put into action as to how to conduct a witch trial properly. Works Cited Borer, Paul S, and Stephen Einsteinium.

The Depiction of Women in Literary Texts - 1346 Words

The Depiction of women in literary texts differed throughout history and varied in different regions of the world. In numerous cases, women are portrayed as submissive, obedient, totally devoted to their family and inferior to men, which most often is the definition of femininity. However, in the text She written by H. Rider Haggard and well-known The Arabian Nights oral folk tales translated by Husain Haddawy, women are portrayed in a different fashion. The text She by H. Haggard portrays a woman who has lived for millennia and rules a tribe deep in Africa with terror brought by the power she acquired from the â€Å"Spirit of the Globe† (Haggard 257). The Arabian Nights features a woman that uses her intelligence to keep herself alive. The portrayal of women in these texts differ from traditional submissive traits, in contrast, they are portrayed as intelligent and knowledgeable. I will explore the similarities between these two women in terms of modern femininity and differ ences in terms of additional masculine traits of Ayesha that are absent in Shahrazad. Ayesha from She displays certain traits that resemble some of the traditional definition of masculinity, including power and aggressiveness. Ayesha defies the traditional women’s role of staying home and devoting all their time and energy to their children and husband; instead, she is the ruler of an African tribe. Ayesha is a relentless leader who â€Å"blast[s] them [Amahaggers] for very sport† (Haggard 146). This appallingShow MoreRelatedThe Portrayal of Women in the American Literary Canon1512 Words   |  6 Pagesrelations in society are reinforced by literary depictions of men and women. The American literary canon is a collection of books that are widely accepted as influential in shaping Western culture. 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