Hewlett Packard Company | Analysis

Hewlett Packard corporation AnalysisHewlett-Packard association (HP) is one of the worlds largest study and technology (IT) companies. It was founded by Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard in 1939. Both of them established Hewlett-Packard (HP) in Packards garage which located in Palo Alto, California, USA.First and the foremost, HP is a worlds cartroading PC manufacturer. The creation of these bare-assed technologies had brings us a more(prenominal) meaningful dissemble for the community. This club had dispatchered many products, technologies, software, solution and service for customers, small and medium size of artes (SMBs) and large enterprises which encompass those customers in the education, government and health sectors. Besides, HP alike storied in manufacturing and developing computers, information storage, networking hardware and designing software and sending service. The major product line for the confederacy include those personal reason devices, cogitate stor age devices, enterprise servers and also a number of correspondents and other imaging which was related to the products and services. Moreover, the company also makes their profits by trades their products via online distribution, consumer-electronics and office-supply retailers to the household, small to medium size business and enterprise.Planning process is very important step for HP Company in order to achieve their goal. They had clarified their distinctiveness, weakness, opportunities and threat to reinforce their company as well. unrivaled of the strategies that used by the company is growing schema. They expand their marts served and products offered by absorbed others company technologies to enhance their own products. For model, HP has added a wield and a meandering(a) operating which known as clearOS to its electric device. These technologies had brought HP products become a much better and quality products. Therefore, HP had successfully move on an extra valu e compare to others manufacturer because they had cooperated with the popular branded speakers company which are ALTEC LANSING and BEATS studio.Furthermore, they also used some of the competitive strategy in their company to compete their business with other organization. For example, although HP Company has many competitors such as Acer, Dell, Asus and more, but they still can survive until nowadays. One of the factors is because they have their own competitive strategy among each of their organization. Hence, this reason which had made the HP Company becomes a intercontinental information and technology company.Content translation of SWOT ANALYSISSWOT analysis is a most useful of business analysis. SWOT analysis is an instrument for assessing an organization and its surround. SWOT analysis is a usually used technique through which managers produce a quick impression of an organizations strategic situation. SWOT analysis is the premier(prenominal) step of planning it helps manag ers to sharpen on key issues. A SWOT surveys and measures the influences of internal and international on the success of the subject of analysis. SWOT stands for strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T). In SWOT, strengths and weaknesses are internal factors, opportunities and threats are external factors. A good SWOT can maximize a firms strengths and opportunities and also can minimize its weaknesses and threats.SWOT Analysis of Hewlett-Packard CompanyThe HP or Hewlett-Packard Company is one of the biggest computer companies in the world. In 1939, it was established by William Hewlett and David Packard. Hewlett-Packard Company delivers hardware, software, solutions and services. Hewlett Packard also has a strong market position in the IT market.The biggest competitor of Hewlett-Packard Company is Dell Company. Hewlett-Packard wrested market leadership from Dell Company in the global PC market in 2006 and managed to sustain it in 2007.Higher market positi on in different market sections increase the brand image of the company and also offers economies of scale in attaining. The company faces intense competition across all business segments in terms of price, brand, quality, character, technology, range and distribution of their products.Strengths of HP CompanyOne of the strengths of HP is it has a strong market position. after HP and Compaq announced to uniting On September 3, 2001, HP became the worlds most big computer hardware and peripheral company all around the world. There have many benefits to HP being a large company such as leading positions in market of IT services, management software, PCs, storage and printers. E specially printer market, 40% market share of HP proofed that its domination the global printer market. This merger also helps HP made a high profit $87 gazillion of Global Technology Leader. The other strength is that it provides its products and service into more than 170 countries including the undeveloped and the developed nations. In 2008 HP is acquiring EDS Inc. The next strength of HP is always having excellent products portfolio diversification.Furthermore, in this decade HP has been focused on the customer service market. HP Enterprise Customer Services provides efficient, hard-hitting services to customers all around the world. For instance HP Enterprise Customer Services having Consumer Direct Service, Customer interlock Management Services- Contact Central, Customer Engagement Management Services- Transformation and Warranty Service. This might benefit to recruit, retain and reward customer.Moreover, HP in recently years is performed on Environmental Programs to reduce the environment impact of its technology products. The Environmental Programs have include SmartWay, HPs Eco Highlights Labeling system, Design for Environment (DfE), HPs satellite Partners Recycler Program, HPs Hardware Return and Recycling Program, Change the World campaign, and Unlock your Energy. For ins tance, HPs Planet Partners Recycling Program is used to recycle printing supplies, computer equipment, batteries, and other items. Due to the program above HP have provide HPs computer lead back service in some countries such as United State, Canada, Brazil, Australia, most of the Europe countries, some Asia Pacific and Latin America countries. In 2010, HP successfully manufactured over 310 million HP LaserJet and ink cartridges that contained content from their closed-loop recycling process.Furthermore, the other strength of HP is their business culture. They highlight entry (Silicon Valleys transmutation model- Top executives mingled with lower- take employees to discover fresh ideas) as a key element of its business culture and as a driver of its success. HP put more effort on enquiry and development to design and developing products, solutions and services that foresee the market changing needs, desires, and emerging technological trends. HP Labs is one of their integrated Investments segment. HP also spending a larger tote up of financial plan on the research and development than others competitors. For instance, in fiscal 2011HP expenditures $3.3 billion for research and development.Weaknesses of HP CompanyOne of the weaknesses of HP is high debt level. In this decade, HP has a high risk of debt level compare to the others competitive company corresponding Dell. From the HP debt to equity ratio data shown that HP was reached the highest value 0.9292 in this July 31, 2012. Debt to equity ratio is a leverage ratio to indicate the comparative amount of shareholders equity and debt used to finance a companys property. It shows how the company has financed its property. A high debt equity ratio express that the company has been aggressive in their financing growth with debt and it results in volatile earning.HP made wrong decide on acquisition for the company. In the first decade of the millennium, HP had made some acquisitions analogous merger with C ompaq, Mercury Interactive, Electronic Data Systems Corp and more recently, Autonomy, the enterprise software company. Since 2001 HP has been spent more than $67 billion on acquisitions, which data according to Jayson Noland, a Robert W. Baird and Company analyst. That was approximately double HP current market value of $38 billion. They buy at least a company a month, and they have struggled to get this right, Mr. Noland said. For example, in 2010 HP was purchased manage with $1.2 billion. One year later, HP announced to close up its webOS device business which is Palms mobile operating system.Opportunities of HP CompanyFoc utilize on emerging technologies-In this modern world, Hewlett Packard Company has introduced new digital printing technologies on the part of its graphic humanistic discipline offering. There is a full wireless HP Photosmart printer line-up. There are HP Indigo presses, HP Inkjet Web Press and HP rubber-base paint Inks. In 2010, Since Hewlett Packard launche d this technology, theirs gross revenue is rapidly increasing because the digital printing technologies are suitable for students or officers using. It also provides the consumer to print out the picture and information in the less time.Developed imaging and printing solutions segments- Hewlett Packard has launched more 150 products and services in the IT market. After that, Hewlett also has created some strategic to purchase competitor and introduced new products in the imaging solutions segment. The imaging and printing solutions provides consumers to print out and personalize their picture. There are industrial applications, outdoor signage and graphic arts. Hewlett Packard also purchases Tabblo, Logoworks, MacDermid and ColorSpan as their acquisitions. After they purchased the competitor, they would improve theirs products and services from the benefits of the acquisitions. The imaging and printing solutions strategy enter to the commercial markets from print services solutions to new growth opportunities in commercial printing and think high-value pages in some regions.Higher market position in the global-There are many competitor started to enter the IT market. In addition, Hewlett Packard started to expand theirs business to other countries, for examples, BRIC countries. They line up up many contact centres in others countries because they can easy control their product lines and get closer to the consumer. In July 2008, Hewlett Packard, Intel Company and Yahoo produced a worldwide, multi-data centre, founder source test bed on cloud computing study and training. Cloud computing is a new delivery model for IT services. The achievement of the projects is to tally the financial and logistical problem and descriptor up the relationship of manufacturing, government and college. In this coming years, the growing demand for cloud computing is expected to build demand for HPs solutions.Threats of HP CompanyHigher competitive in the market share-The bigges t competitor of Hewlett Packard is Dell. In this few years, the sales of Hewlett Packard are more than Dell. However, Hewlett Packard also kept fully to expand theirs business. Hewlett also obtain the most up to date company information available. In addition, there are also some competitors for example Toshiba, Lenova Group and Aver. This all competitor in IT market competes in terms of quality, brand, price, technology, reputation, distribution and range of product. In addition, the competitors also face competition from local companies and from generically-branded or white box manufacturers.The printing and computing markets are hyper-competitive. Some nimble competitor provide offer lower prices than Hewlett Packard it will direct affect the sales products of Hewlett Packard.Demands of Hewlett Packard decreases and Economic problem- Since many competitors enter to IT market, the sales of Hewlett Packard Company started to decrease. Shortage of the product sales will cause Hewl ett Packard get low profitability. Some forecasters also reckon there have a decrease in the worldwide demand for some IT products offered by Hewlett Packard Company. In addition, there are many market segments has unnatural by the economic recession. It also affected the information technology. Not only in the U.S has been affected, Hewlett Packard also has experienced this decline in its global markets. In 2009, worldwide spending of IT market also decreased by 4% and above.Threats of cloud computing-Cybercriminals always are the first to capture the latest internet innovation. Cloud computing also becomes their main target. The threat lies in cybercriminals ability to penetrate cloud providers webs and run bot-nets that can inflict destruction within a cloud service. So that, shared technologies mean shared risk. The greatest case of shared technologies used in cloud computing is Virtualisation technologies. It provides multiple companies to shares assets and information across a world of hardware, thereby decrease the costs. Unfortunately, it also become a way of data can get into the wrong hand.QuestionA. In May, 2002, Hewlett-Packard merger with Compaq Computer flowerpot to increase their asset and then on May, 2008 HP take acquisition of EDS (Electronic Data System). This acquisition leads to HP having the combined revenues of 118.4 billion US dollars in 2008 and became rank 9 in Fortune 500 in 2009. At November 2009, HP announced that they had purchase 3Com Inc. This acquisition said to be large in term of takeovers and acquisitions of technology giants to help them become one-s book binding series shops. After that, in 2010, HP won in a bidding war for 3PAR Inc. which their competitor declined to match. 3PAR Inc. is a manufacturer of systems and software for data storage and information management. This manufacturer helps HP develop and modify their IT products. In the same year, HP announced the buyout of Palm Inc. The Palm Inc. originally was bi dding by HTC, Dell, RIM and HP. Finally, HP won the bidding by using 1.2 billion in cash and debt. This addition of Palm brings HP library of valuable patents such as the webOS operating platform and it also. This operating platform has enable HP to develop tablet devices. HP TouchPad, HP first developed tablet had launched at 1 July 2011. This TouchPad is using the webOS as the operating platform and tablet had been said that it works beautifully, and conveys far more information than the iPad 2, in the magazine of The New York Times. This tablet had brought a new challenge to Apples product.B. According to the annual financial reports of HP, their profit decline 31% in the second quarter of 2012. The decline of the profit is because of the growing of the tablet and smart phones or others mobile devices. HP has limited types or series of product and their product is less creativeness due to their stability strategy. Their sales will continuous to drop if they still do not develop and launch some new products. Somehow, their main competitors Samsung electronics will replace their places in the computer industry and Greenpeaces Guide. This 2 list ranks the electronics manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability, energy and climate and green products. Samsung electronics grows rapidly and they develop their product in a very vigorous accelerate, for example their smart phones Galaxy S2 and SIII. Samsung has also established a prominent position in the tablet market, by mercantile establishment the Android-powered Samsung Galaxy Tab. Furthermore, nowadays, the material prices become unstable all the times, HP would face the problem thats they need to purchase expensive material to manufacture their products. Once they using more expensive material to manufacture their product, they will be forced to mark up their products prices in order to cover back their cost as well. They would facing their market share would be decrease and their sales w ill be decreases also, they will not making many profit and at exsert they would face their company going bankrupt like Nokia now.FindingsAfter HP merger with Compaq, HP became the world largest computer hardware and has a strong market position. This proves that the decision of merging is correct. The method HP used to make decision is known as Decision-Accelerator, which speeds up strategy implementation (i.e. execution) process. (M.Z. Deone, 2007). Decision-accelerator would emphasis on speed and efficiency. Minimizing waste and drive toward outcomes are always reviewed by the facilitators during meeting. The objective is union of ideas with least divergence instead of having deep and durable commitment. Therefore, it is suitable for those senior level or top-level manager when resolving differences and implementing large, complicated strategic initiatives. However, there are the bad side of Decision-Accelerator. It deals with hard-core decisions and involves limited creativity. Due to acquisitions with other company and up(a) operations in laptop PCs, Mark Hurd, the CEO of HP, need to cut down 10% of workforce. But at the end, HP did dominate the global printer market successfully.Top of ForBottom of FormHP Company has its own unique culture which is known as HP way. It is a standard of manners that emphasized innovation and most of the engineers would like to work on it. This is because HP respect and trust each individual who are working within the organization. (D.E Kimberly, 2012)Furthermore, flat management hierarchy is used by the company. By using this hierarchy, layers of middle management that give slow productivity can be eliminated and speed up the work. Employees are also allowed to decide how to their own work based on their creativity. Therefore, this culture enables HP to compete with other competitor such as Dell.In 2011, HP wiped off $3.3 billion to cover the closing up of the webOS business which is used on mobile operating system. Thi s is because there is less customer and developer interest. WebOS was developed in round nine month and claimed that company took some shortcut from the concept to creation. According to Mr. Mercer who is recruited by Palm from Apple, fewer programmers are willing to understand webKit and most of the top talent are snatched up by Apple and Google. 1 (X.C Brian, 2012) Therefore, a detailed planning is very important for a business. A company should know the market trend and the real usage of the IT product before launching. WebOS is an operating system built on the same technology used by many web browsers. Instead of applying it on mobile, it is advised to be applied on forensic tools. Large amount of information can be extracted from the system partition of webOS devices. This information includes call logs, SMS, e-mail communications, and other Web browsing activities. Besides, deleted items could be recovered through this operating system. (C.Eoghan, 2011)As recommendation, HP c an increase their sales or profit by decreasing their advertising investments. As we known, advertising would increase their company expanses and hence they need to increase their cost for their product. When they increased their cost of the product, they need to mark up the market price to cover back the cost or they will have low profit. This is because large amounts of advertising investments will lead up with the drastic decrease in the size of the domestic market and it further increase the company thinkency on the home market depend on the crisis. (Harrigan, 2001) HP would increase their risk when they mark up their marketing price because their competitor will sales out their product which having the same spec with HPs product with lower price. Somehow, they will increase their competitor fame because of the low selling price of the product. Although HP decreases the advertising investments, it is not represent that their sales would drop. They could use some low cost advert ising ways such like advertise through facebook or electronic devices. By this way, they could advertise their product and also riding habit increase their products cost.

Factors for Youth Drug Use

Factors for Youth Drug UseWhat factors leads male recent tribe aged 11 18 years old into taking illicit drugs in the UK?AbstractStatistical data has shown that an increasing number of young mickle aged between 11 and 18 are victimization illicit drugs either experi subject ambit forcetally or habitually. This chiffoniervas examines a diminutive sample of males aged between 11 and 18, and by dint of unstructured interviews ascertains the reasons for their drug expend. The study aims to identify ways in which prevention could be better facilitated for this particular age group.IntroductionIn men and women the misuse of illicit drugs has increased dramatically over the last 50 years (Zerbe, 1999). Research has shown that the particular age when young people begin using alcohol, tobacco, and other illicit drugs is a predictor of later alcohol and drug problems. For example, 40% of young people who begin drinking at age 14 or younger develop alcohol dependence, compared with 1 0% of youth who start drinking at age 20 or older. (Ericson, 2001. In Laursen and Brasler, 2002 181). It has been long-established that users of one drug are more(prenominal) likely to use other drugs than non-users (Gove and Geerken,1979) and that the use of correlates with the onset of psychiatric symptoms. Contemporary query suggests that amongst girls, tobacco use is often a fast(a) indication that other drugs will be utilize in the future, and in males, alcohol use has been described as a gateway to other drugs. (In Laursen and Brasler, 2002 181). Reasons for young people experimenting or regularly using drugs are varied, and accommodate pressure from peers, extend and emotional factors, a desire to break convention, and the process of individualisation. Research into the consequences of carve up on young people has shown that negative consequences are most common shortly after a parental divorce (Frost and Pakiz, 1990). While research by Laursen and Brasler recorded t he sideline responses as to why drugs were usedto numb the pain of abuse and neglect,to be accepted,peer pressure,to take control of my own life,for relaxation and sportto chillto improve my self-imagebecause Im curious, stressed, or boredto assert myself. (Laursen and Brasler, 2002 181)Social work practice is reliant upon research in order to find the most effective ways to deal with sociable problems (Chavkin, 1993). The National Institute of Mental Health ( 1991) proposed that social work research is invaluable because it describes the work domain of social work as touching on a multitude of human problems that inflict pain and suffering on millions of individuals and families. (Chavkin, 1993 3).As children develop into adolescence, they experience a serial of dramatic changes, both physical, psychological , and psycho-social. Independence and identity are sought often through the need to belong to a group or more general movement. Substance use increases in adolescence (Joh nston, OMalley, Bachman, 1998. In Laursen and Brasler, 2002 181) as smoking, drinking, and other drugs become a way to appear mature while fitting in with peers. (Laursen and Brasler, 2002 181).MethodologyA qualitative research method was decided to be most appropriate. Darlington and Scott (2002) highlighted the three most prominent research methods as beingIn-depth interviewing of individuals and small groupsSystematic observation of behaviourAnalysis of documentary data (Darlington and Scott, 2002 2)In-depth interviewing of individuals was chosen for this project, and it was proposed to interview five individuals between the ages of 11 and 18 inwardly the young peoples service, using a random sampling method. As suggested by Darlington and Scott (2002 3)Research methods such as in-depth interviewing and participant observation are particularly thoroughly suited to exploring questions in the human services which relate to the meaning of experiences and to deciphering the comple xity of human behaviour.This approach also disco biscuits far more potential for establishing a great rapport with the individual, where a more trustworthy and detailed scotch of personal experiences might be achieved as opposed to observation techniques which might only offer relatively superficial or ambiguous evidence of inner thoughts and feelings. The interviews were taped this ensured that the information was accessible, and facilitated more accurate and reliable research. For ethical reasons it was necessary to obtain the comply of the individuals being interviewed. It was made clear to participants that their information might be reproduced and possibly published as part of the study. It was necessary to obtain their consent prior to conducting the interview in case they objected to any later use of the information. In cases of younger respondents the permission of their older siblings or parents was asked prior to the interview. As the sample was chosen randomly the r esearcher did not have any influencer over the identity of the interviewees. Ten males were selected, of the ages eleven, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, and eighteen. All respondents were interviewed in their homes by trained interviewers. Data was collected primarily through interview, and also through self-reports which aimed to establish the presence of any emotional instabilities.The present study made use of the interview format undertaken by researchers in the study by Vandervalk et al (2005) into the relationship between family problems and the behaviour of adolescents. In the 2005 study researchers used a shortened version of the universal Health Questionnaire, which measured the extremity to which psychological stress and depression had recently been experienced. On a 4-point scale, the respondents indicated the severity of their symptoms (e.g., feeling tense and nervous, feeling unhappy and dejected) during the past 4 weeks (1 much more than usual to 4 not at all). This wa s replicated for the current study. Youngsters indicated on a 4-point scale whether they had considered committing suicide during the last 12 months (1 never to 4 very often) (Diekstra et al., 1991).To espy between internal and external factors the 2005 model study used anAdolescent Externalizing Behavior approach that measured the followingRisky habits, measuring the degree to which adolescents were complex in risky or unhealthy fashion. Self-report data on the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and soft drugs were used. On 8-point scales, youngsters indicated if and to what extent they smoked, drank alcohol, or used soft drugsDelinquent behavior was assessed as the number of delinquent acts the respondents reported over the past 12 months. The delinquency measure consists of 21 items pertaining to 3 types of delinquent behavior violent criminal offense (e.g., Have you ever wounded anyone with a knife or other weapon?), vandalism (e.g., Have you ever covered walls, buses, or entryways with graffiti?), and horror against property (e.g., Have you ever bought something which you knew was stolen?).Educational attainment of adolescents and young adults was assessed by asking youngsters about their current take aim of education or about the highest level of education achieved, in case they no longer participated in the educational system.(Taken from Vandervalk et al (2005 533)ResultsAs the interviews were unstructured it was not possible to identify all of these factors for for each one individual. However, each interview did touch on these areas, and it was left to the individual concerned as to whether they wished to discuss these factors as potential reasons for their use of substances. A list of factors can be found in Appendix One.5 out of 10 respondents give tongue to that a lack of money in their family had, on one or more occasions, led them to become involved in anti social behaviour. All of these respondents affirmed a positive link between anti social b ehaviour and drug taking. One male, aged fifteen, said that he would take drugs in a group, but never alone, in order to gain enough confidence to cause trouble in their local area.9 out of 10 respondents believed that their age group was not catered for enough in the local area and that they took drugs for something to do rather than being forced into it by emotional or stress factors.However, one respondent, aged eighteen, said that he used cocaine regularly because it made his stress go by. When asked about the nature of the stress involved he said that he felt under pressure to achieve at school. He expressed concern that if he didnt achieve then his family would continue to struggle financially. An added stress in this case was that the withdrawals he experienced from his use of the drug were negatively affecting his relationship with his family, and reducing his ability to complete his school work.When asked about the amount and regularity of drug use, more than half of resp ondents said that they used drugs more than occasionally. 3 of those said they used regularly for something to do. And another said that they used whenever they were bored.Major positive correlations were found between the respondents self-reports, where negative thoughts and stress prevailed, and the number of occasions that they confessed to using drugs. Although this link appears to be a significant one, it is possible that some interviewees did not give a completely accurate account of their use patterns, possibly in fear of being found out by parents.More than two respondents said that they were attracted to drug taking because of its associations with criminalityResults were unvarying with the premises of the Social construction approach to defining and explaining the use of drugs in young people. Past research has defined drug use by minority youth as a dysfunctional effort to escape problems stemming from poverty and racism or as an alternative means of making money in the face of underclass isolation from legitimate economic opportunities (Merton, 1957 Cloward and Ohlin, 1960 Finestone, 1957 Williams, 1990 Harrell and Peterson, 1992 Currie, 1993. In Covington, 1997 ) However, Covington criticises the social construction of drug problems amongst young people as too easily explaining away reasons for use through emphasis on individual differences as opposed to collective conditions. She suggests that trends in minority and majority drug use should receive class treatment.Conclusion and RecommendationsFuture prevention through social work practice needs to focus on the areas of inclusion. A high percentage of respondents said that they used drugs recreationally, and that this had contributed to their developing addiction. That there exists positive associations with criminality reflects the need for social work policy to adapt to find more ways of addressing the needs of young people in particular areas. The findings of the Hidden Harm report commiss ioned by the government found that children of drug users are one of the most vulnerable groups within society, and as part of the Government response to the report it was suggested that the voices of the children of problem drug users should be heard and listened to. (Department for Education and Skills, 20054). Research into this minority and publication of results could potentially sustain social work policy to deter young users from taking drugs, and might also deter young users from bringing up children around drugs. Future research might include a more socially diverse sample, including a greater variety in terms of race and background. Externalising factors might also include social trends and political changes, as these greatly affect the nature and accessibility of service provision within a local area.BibliographyBoynton, P. (2005) The Research Companion. Psychology imperativenessBrendtro, L., Brokenleg, M., Van Bockern, S. (2002). Reclaiming youth at risk Our hope for the future. (2nd ed.) Bloomington, IN National Educational Service.Bryman, A. (1993), Approaches to Social Enquiry. London RoutledgeChavkin, N.F, (1993), The Use of Research in Social name Practice A Case Example from School Social Work. Westport, CT Praeger PublishersCorby B 2006 Applying Research in Social Work Practice Buckingham Open University defendCovington, J., The Social Construction of the Minority Drug Problem.Social Justice, Vol. 24, (1997), pp.Darlington, Y, and Scott, D, (2002), Research in Practice Stories from the Field. Crows Nest, N.S.W Allen Unwin.Department of Education and Skills, (2005), Government Response to Hidden Harm the authorship of an Inquiry by the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs online. Available fromhttp//www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/_files/73D1398FE270B13D89AF63EF1A8B341D.pdfAccessed 2/08/08Ericson, N. (2001). Substance abuse The nations number one health problem. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Justice, responsibility of Juvenile Ju stice and Delinquency Prevention.Frost, A. K., and Pakiz, B. (1990). The effects of marital disruption on adolescents Time as a dynamic. Am. J. Orthopsychiatr. 60 544-555.Goldberg, D. P. (1978). Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. General Practice Research Unit, HorshamGove, W.R, and Geerken, M., (1979), Drug Use and Mental Health among a Representative National Sample of Young Adults. Social Forces, Vol. 58, No. 2, pp. 572-590Laursen, E.K, and Brasler, P, (2002), Harm step-down a Viable Choice for Kids Enchanted with Drugs?. Reclaiming Children and Youth. Volume 11. Issue 3. P. 181+.Marlatt, G.A. (1998). Basic principles and strategies of harm reduction. In G.A. Marlatt (Ed.), Harm reduction Pragmatic strategies for managing high-risk behaviors (pp. 49-66). New York Guilford Press.Silverman, D, (2004), Doing qualitative Research. London SageStrauss, A Corbin J. (1998), Basics of Qualitative Research. London Sage.Vandervalk, I Spruijt, I De Goede, M Mass, C, and Meeus, W, Family Structure and Problem Behavior of Adolescents and Young Adults A Growth-Curve Study. ledger of Youth and Adolescence. Vol 34. Issue 6. (2005). P. 533+Zerbe, K.J, (1999), Womens Mental Health in Primary Care. Philadelphia, PA W. B. SaundersAppendix OneUnstructured InterviewTo identify the presence of influence of the following factorsInternalizing behaviour Adolescent ageIndividual-level Factors Adolescent EducationExternalizing behaviourFamily-level Factors Family StructureFamily Income

The Impact Of Internship On Graduate Employability Management Essay

The Impact Of Internship On Graduate Employability Management EssayThis answer for examines the impact of internships on graduate wear out securities industry. The view of this report is to find out what skills, knowledge and attributes be basically needed by graduate students to perform their professional duty in the practical job subject field in todays job market.The report then draws the key themes about what graduate employability is and what employers needs are in relation to graduates. Although non internship candidates find it more difficult to drop off the job market, they harbor chances because employers look after soft skills from a candidate such as steady-going communication skills, team work and also little thinking.The report concludes by examining career prospects that graduates follow after doing an internship, whether they chose to follow an accounting career, or other industries, they overhear to think of medium and long term prospects in order to find a desired job.IntroductionIn recent years, there has been rapid expansion of higher education in UK. This has had important and intricate effects on task markets because employers need today highly educated employees.Internships allow practical experience in which a student has intentional encyclopaedism goals and reflects actively on what she or he is learning throughout the experience. Doing an internship provides opportunities for students to gain work experience and companies help them to abridge a job in the future. Internships forego students to the world of work and allow them to gain dividing line experience, skills and knowledge that are necessary to succeed in todays labour market. They allow students to connect their experience from the workplace, with the supposed knowledge that they generate explored during university.Definition of InternshipAn internship represents a formal program that provides practical experience in which a student has intentional learning g oals and reflects actively on what she or he is learning throughout the experience. Doing an internship provides opportunities for students to gain work experience and companies help them to get a job in the future. Also Employers are unremarkably more concerned with your work experience than your qualifications and internships are often the only way to get the work experience you need to secure a job, so they are a vital part of your resume. Many employers prefer or require applicants who have done an internship or relevant work experience and in many of the more competitive job markets it is essential to set you apart from the others.However, some internships are unpaid and universities career development centres are asked to stop advertise unpaid internships on their websites, because interns cannot afford to work for weeks, and in some cases months, without being paid.Benefits and values of an internshipAccording to Career Services Centre, the benefits of doing an internship allow you to gain a reform perspective of post-graduation employment by applying the principles and theories a student developed during their seminar classes. Also students can develop a personal work ethic and be adequate to(p) to investigate their career interests and prospective career goals. An internship alleviates the development of professional contacts, which can help a student in the future for reference another company. By doing an internship you can develop a series of skills and knowledge that help students to choose from a wide pluck of possibilities about their future career. (Careers Services Centre, 2010-2011)The graduate labour marketGraduate labour market offers information to students about any jobs available on the market, what recent graduates have done, average earnings that graduates can persuade and also graduate recruitment trends. It is helpful to understand what a job in a real life is and identifies students options for future career developments.Univ ersity of Wolverhampton (2010) states The graduate labour market today is much more complex. Developments such as increased global competition and advances in technology mean that the workforce needs to be more highly skilled. This has led to many changes such as the importance of a degree when applying for a job, higher education is expanding and for todays market there are many students with a degree, which they increase competition within popular sectors.The graduate labour market continues to improve and many vacancies that employers are promoting are filled with graduates that have already worked for any of their organisations, through work placements, internships or vacation schemes.Graduate labour market AccountingFor those graduates that have the right degrees, the current job market for accounting is very strong. Employers dont require a specific major of filed or study, but they are more focused on soft skills such as communication, teamwork, leadership and critical think ing. Accounting graduates find excellent opportunities in private sectors because they can work for a company develop the knowledge about its business and the financial sector. Despite the tight labour market and strong demand, accounting graduates face tough competition, as top-tier firms expect skills beyond the sheepskin. Candidates must demonstrate expert knowledge and intangible qualities, such as presentation and public speaking, initiative, computer literacy and interpersonal abilities.Definition of employabilityEmployability is a set of achievements, skills, understandings and personal attributes that make graduates more believably to gain employment and be successful in their chosen occupations, which benefits themselves, the workforce, the community and the economy. (Yorke, 2004)Since the recession the graduate labour market had become increasingly competitive, which is even harder for students to get a job without having any experience. There are few vacancies on the ma rket, which are filled very quickly. Students also consider that they wouldnt have gone to university expectant the fact that the market is very competitive. Although, they prefer to go to university because it is a unique experience, where you develop a series of skills and knowledge for a subject they like.According to quantify Higher Education, students were less sure that higher education had prepared them for the world of work, however, with 35 per cent disagreeing or strongly disagreeing that university had equipped them well for employment. (David Matthews, 2012)Post-internship vs. non-internship candidatesMost undergraduate students know that having an internship represents a good opportunity for a full time job offer. Those that do not have the opportunity to do an internship, leave be likely to have less experience and therefore harder to get into the job market.According to Birchalls latest research (2012), people without any experience had little or no chance of being offered a place on their graduate training programmes. Even more strikingly, almost three-quarters of graduate vacancies advertised at coronation banks and half the training contracts offered by major law firls this year are likely to be filled by former interns. Also, companies tend to recruit candidates who already have worked for them.Career pathThe accounting industry is so varied because is very difficult to identify the types of accounting careers that a graduate can take. Depending on their studies they can work in any industry in accounting. There is public accounting where graduates can work for any sized firm, ranging from a large, foreign CPA firm to a small local accounting practice. Within the firm, they can work in such areas as audit, tax and recognizement consulting.With political sympathies graduates can work for a specific company. And they may work in tax, finance and again IT or internal audits. Also they can create a path to success at either the federal, s tate or local level. Non-profit organizations and education also offer many diverse opportunities. (American Institute of CPAs, 2012)Skills, knowledge and aptitudesInternships provide students opportunities to develop skills, knowledge and aptitudes within a workplace environment. Most students benefit from higher education support and guidance in finding a good internship/placement. like a shot careers are very different and students find with difficulty a job without experience and the most significant challenge for graduates will be to deal out their relationships with work and with learning. This requires skills such as negotiating, action planning and net functional, added to qualities of self-awareness and confidence. These are the skills required to be self-reliant in career and personal development skills to manage processes or else than functional skills. They are as valuable in education as in the workplace, and as valuable to organizations as they are to individuals. (R ose and Jonathan, 2012)Traditional jobs still live on but, there is a huge increase in the number of graduates, which means that there are fewer jobs with graduate training programs. AGR members recruited an estimated 80% of graduates available for work. Today the figure is 50%.( The Association of Graduate Recruiters, 2012). Graduates need to be flexible and adapt to new situations. In order to obtain a good job, a graduate needs transferable skills such as working well in a team, good communication skills and self-reliance skills which are enabling skills that will be essential for graduates to survive in todays labour market. They are the skills to manage a lifetimes progression in learning and work, rather than to do the work itself. They are process skills rather than functional skills.The complete graduate needs 4 major types of skills such as self reliant being able to manage their personal development they have to be good team players having management skills, IT and prese ntation skills they have to be specialists which helps them to become an expert at something (e.g. marketing, accounting, tax, IT, etc) and also they have to have general skills and knowledge (e.g. problem solving, critical thinking, basic accounting and finance).Career prospectsBeing an accountant requires to complete many tasks, preparing financial statements and also eternalize business transations. They also calculate financial costs, develop IT systems to track financial performance.Post internship graduates have many opportunities to find a good job and this is because they have fresh thinking, new knowledge to businesses and analytical skills. They have a variety of choices to think as a medium term prospect for their career, as coating ACCA or long term prospects such as considering a career in accounting as an auditor or a chartered accountant, working for the government or being self-employed.Conclusion and RecommendationsEmployers expect graduates to have the discipline , knowledge and technical competence in order to demonstrate a broad range of skills and attributes that include critical thinking, team working, communication skills and problem solving. Internships help students to develop these skills that enable them to find the desired job, to progress in their work and therefore to assuage the success of the companies that they work for and contribute to society and the economy.Universities have to develop employability skills more in depth, through their programmes including practical guidance and teaching strategies that allow students to have a better understanding about what employers expect from them, and how they should demonstrate their skills to them.

The aim of the experiment is to find out the effect of different :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

The aim of the experiment is to find out the effect of opposite parsimoniousnesss of reactants on rate of reaction.Rates of ReactionAimThe aim of the experiment is to find out the effect of differentconcentrations of reactants on rate of reaction. I forget find this outby doing an experiment. The reaction that will be used is SodiumThiosulphate + Hydrochloric AcidNa2S2O3 + 2HClEquipmentThe equipment I will use to do this experiment is look footrace tubes Beakers Hydrochloric Acid Sodium Thiosulphate Water X pronounced paperBackground InformationThe Collision Theory is when particles collide with enough energy to calve their bonds if they are to react. Collision means when twoparticles hit each other. Breaking a solid exposes new surfaces, thesm anyer the pieces the greater the surface area.Safety Mea incontestablesA pair of goggles will be worn in order to protect the eyes.Fair TestIn order for my findings to be valid the experiment must be fair. Iwill use the same standard each measure for judging when the X hasdisappeared. I will make sure that the measuring cylinders for theHydrochloric acid and Sodium Thiosulphate will not be mixed up. Theamount of Hydrochloric acid will be 10cm3 each time.PredictionI bode that by increasing the concentration of one of the reactantsthe rate of reaction will increase because they are likely to collidequicker.MethodI first of all start of by wearing goggles as Hydrochloric Acid is anirritant to the eyes. After that I got all equipment out I needed toperform this experiment.Test Tube Beaker X marked paperI firstly put 10cm3 of hydrochloric acid into the beaker which Imeasured with the test tube. After I put the x marked paper under thebeaker. I then poured in the volume of Sodium Thiosulphate and theconcentration of it which was 50cm3. Set off the stopwatch and waitedto see when the x marked paper is not visible. I repeatedly did this 3times for each one. Finally, I recorded the results on a resultstable.ConclusionsMy r esults show that if you add more concentration of sodiumThiosulphate and less water to the hydrochloric acid the particlescollide more because so the rate of reaction increases. When Irepeated my results and experiment the times were similar content thatI was very accurate with my experiment and judgement.EvaluationI only really encountered one problem which was do the experiment inthe amount of time that was given to us and Sodium Thiosulphate ranout during the experiment but that was quickly resolved as borrowedsome of my friend who is also doing the experiment.

The Importance of Language in Richard Wright’s Novel, Black Boy :: Wright Black Boy Essays

The Importance of Language in Richard Wrights Novel, Black Boy voice communication ar powerful things. They can be used to construct or destruct. In the novel Black Boy, Richard Wright discovers this fact after reading inspirational whole works written by a man named Mencken. It is at this point in his life where he understands the importance of course. Wright qualifies the idea that language is an important key to identicalness and social acceptance using figures of speech and warrants.A rhetorical technique used by Wright is this passage is that of metaphors. For example, when describing Menckens effectiveness he uses phrases such as he was using words as a weapon. This simile conveys to the reader just how powerful the new experience was for Wright. Richard wondered if he would ever be up to(p) to induce something so significant. Although the idea seemed frightening at first, Wright was able to fight using his words in the end. In addition, to extend the metaphor of words m acrocosm weapons, the language on the page is so full of disgust that Wright imagines Mencken had slashed it with his pen. This image gives convincing evidence that Mencken was extremely irate with his society. His sword is the pen and his words are the blow. Those who are witness to this duel are those who are effected by its cuts. Readers begin to realize just how important language is to identity and beliefs. Richard Wright utilizes evidence to create an ethos appeal for his readers. For instance, he doubts his literary choice once he reads the title of the book given to him Prejudices. In his personal experience those that had spoken this word were not entirely right, according to him. He toys with the idea that this man (Mencken) is mistaken he, himself, looked to have been mistaken. Wright made an unjustified conclusion about this writer judging by the integrity word on the cover of a book. If one word could bring up such emotion from this boy, imagine what a whole slew of th ese words would create in their wake. Mencken was not accepted by his race due, impart, to his beliefs.

John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath :: John Steinbeck Grapes Wrath Essays

John Steinbecks The Grapes of WrathThroughout his book, the Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck employs the principles of Foucaults theory that power exists as a result of consent. This is particularly the case in the relations between the Joad family. Chapter ten includes specific scenes in which the family members assumed positions of power are focused on and explained. When Jim Casy asks if he can accomp each the Joads on their migratory trip to California, Ma looks to turkey cock to speak, because he is a man. Ma is clearly consenting to Toms power over her as a male figure, not because he told her he had the right to speak first, but because she allowed him to hold that prerogative. Foucault also argues that identity element perception is related to various modes of discourse that are specific to historical eras apparently, the supposition that women are subordinate to men has been established in behavior, media, or any other entity that influences the way people think. When the rest of the Joad family returns on the truck after attempting to sell the last of their belongings, Steinbeck uses three pages to describe each family members clothe on the truck and why they belong there. Al is the proud and serious and efficient driver of the truck, earning the familys respect for his responsibility in manning the vehicle. This exemplifies Foucaults idea of transaction the family consents to Als power because they will be affected if the truck malfunctions. Rose of Sharon is a balanced, self-satisfied, and all-knowing woman whose husband, Connie, is alarmed by the prominent change in her behavior since the onset of pregnancy although he once controlled her, he now feels weakened in his power because he has let her self-complacency control him. Pa and Uncle John, as heads of the clan, sit in the honor seats beside Al however, Uncle John secretly wants Rose of Sharon to take his place because he is apprehensive inside and knows she is surer of hersel f. Uncle Johns power is one of dogma, while Rose of Sharons is self-asserted. The entire Joad family then holds a council meeting to discuss their plans for departure. Again, everyone has his or her decreed placement the men squat in an inner circle, while the women stand around them.

Creation of a Sense of Place in 12 Edmondstone Street Essay -- 12 Edmo

Creation of a Sense of Place in 12 Edmondstone Street Malouf is very skilled in creating a aesthesis of place in 12 Edmondstone Street. This essay examines the different techniques he uses in describing 12 Edmondstone Street and Tuscany. The section set in Brisbane is seen through the eyes of a young boy, giving the reader a very clear impression of his views about and feelings towards the house. Malouf has conveyed this by basing 12 Edmondstone Street on the idea of coming endure into ordinary daily life and living out what it is that youve seen in that moment of epiphany Malouf does this through the boys views, thoughts and feelings by conveying them through images and detailed recollections of rooms and the atmosphere of these rooms. The Fernery scares me. Being taken out of the house each night and set to sleep beside it is like being put dget at the ring of a rainforest. Through this, Malouf has been able to convey the fear which convey the boys fear of the Fernery. Th is makes the reader also feel the same gumption of being put at the edge of a rainforest promoting a frightened feeling and a sense of sharing the same feelings with the boy However, the setting is not al managements described from the perspective of the young boy. Malouf also describes it from the perspective of an adult. Each house has its own topography, its own lore negotiable borders...the salient features. By making the house have a topography and changing the perspective of the description, Malouf has created a sense of mystery and adventure in discovering the rooms for the first time from a tikes point of view. This sense is conveyed through describing the boys detailed observations and feelings when e... ...e. Ugo is shown to be a strong character who seems to be happy to be his own man. The strength of Agatinas character is conveyed through words such as rules which imply power. This sixth sense is needed for the reader to understand both the characters and the way of life to which they belong, therefore giving the reader the sense of belonging to the lives of Agatina and Ugo. When presenting A Place in Tuscany the perspective changes to that of a young man. Compared to the house in Brisbane, more(prenominal) use is made of the conversation and there is a more sophisticated and advanced vocabulary and knowledge of the area. This gives the reader a more adult insight into the area. Malouf is a very powerful writer. By using a variety of techniques, Malouf has been able to show the reader his skill in evoking a sense of place and in creating memorable settings.